Applications for mass spectrometry

Ly T, Julian RR (2009) Ultraviolet photodissociation developments towards applications for mass-spectrometry-based proteomics. Angew Chem Int Ed 48 7130-7137... 

The mass spectrometry of fluonnated organic compounds was reviewed in 1961 [55], and this review should be consulted for information on the applications of mass spectrometry in organofluorine chemistry up to that time With the advent of... 

Application of mass spectrometry for the analysis of tautomeric compounds... 

Snyder, A.P., Electrospray a popnlar ionization technique for mass spectrometry, in Biochemical and Biotechnological Applications of Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, ACS Symposium Series, Snyder, A.P. and Anaheim, C.A., Eds., Washington, D.C., 1995, chap. 1. 

An electrospray is generally produced by the application of an electric field to a small flow of liquid from a capillary tube toward a counter electrode. The principles of electrospray as applicable to mass spectrometry and the mechanisms involved have been a subject of intense debate over the last decade and have been addressed even before that. This is evident from the discussions in the 2000 issue of the Journal of Mass Spectrometry (e.g., Mora11), the book by Cole,12 and several reviews.8,10 13 14 Here we present a summary encapsulating the relevant observations and direct the readers to the above articles for a more elaborate account. 

Electrospray (ES) existed long before its application to mass spectrometry (MS). It is a method of considerable importance for the electrostatic dispersion of liquids and creation of aerosols. The interesting history and notable research advances in that field are very well described in Bailey s book Electrostatic Spraying of Liquids. 37 Much of the theory concerning the mechanism of the charged droplet formation was developed by researchers in this area. The latest works can be found in a special issue38 of the Journal of Aerosol Science devoted to ES. 

Stobiecki M. 2000. Application of mass spectrometry for identification and structural studies of flavonoid glycosides. Phytochemistry 54(3) 237-256. 

What do the Shroud of Turin, cerebrospinal fluid, soil, gasohne, the Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp by Rembrandt van Rijn, apple cider, and solar wind have in common One answer is that they all can be mass spectrometry samples. This point of view, though essentially correct, seems somewhat limited and biased, however. In this part of the book, we are turning the common mass spectrometry perspective upside down. Instead of listing different application areas for mass spectrometry, we let ten different researchers or research groups introduce their respective fields and describe how mass spectrometry can aid them in their work. 

Most compounds can be detected directly as they are able to produce a direct analytical signal. Photometric detection, especially UV (including diode array and multi-wavelength UV detection) is by far the most frequently applied detection technique. The application of mass spectrometry (MS) detection in CE is attractive as it can provide structural information [44]. Hologram-based refractive index detection [45] and electrochemical detection [46,47] were also reported. Conductivity [41,48-50] and amperometric [51,52] detection has shown to have advantages for the analysis of both organic and inorganic compounds. 

There is no one-and-only approach to the wide field of mass spectrometry. At least, it can be concluded from the preceding pages that it is necessary to learn about the ways of sample introduction, generation of ions, their mass analysis and their detection as well as about registration and presentation of mass spectra. The still missing issue is not inherent to a mass spectrometer, but of key importance for the successful application of mass spectrometry. This is mass spectral interpretation. All these items are correlated to each other in many ways and contribute to what we call mass spectrometry (Fig. 1.4). 

The mass spectrometer can be regarded as a kind of chemistry laboratory, especially designed to study ions in the gas phase. [1,2] In addition to the task it is usually employed for - creation of mass spectra for a generally analytical purpose - it allows for the examination of fragmentation pathways of selected ions, for the study of ion-neutral reactions and more. Understanding these fundamentals is prerequisite for the proper application of mass spectrometry with all technical facets available, and for the successful interpretation of mass spectra because Analytical chemistry is the application of physical chemistry to the real world. [3]... 

Note Trimethylsilylether (TMS) derivatives are frequently employed to vola-tize alcohols, [14,203] carboxylic acids, [204,205] and other compounds [206,207] for mass spectrometry, and for GC-MS applications in particular. The El mass spectra of TMS derivatives exhibit weak molecular ion peaks, clearly visible [M-CHa]" signals and often [Si(Me)3], m/z 73, as the base peak. 

Biemann, K. Application of Mass Spectrometry in Organic Chemistry, Especially for Stracture Determination of Natural Products. Angew. Chem. 1962, 74, 102-115. 

Nowadays, ESI is the leading member of the group of atmospheric pressure ionization (API) methods and the method of choice for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupling (LC-MS, Chap. 12). [10-13] Currently, ESI and MALDI (Chap. 10) are the most commonly employed ionization methods and they opened doors to the widespread biological and biomedical application of mass spectrometry. [5,10,11,13-17] Moreover, ESI serves well for the analysis of ionic metal complexes [18,19] and other inorganic analytes. [20-22]... 

It is the great advantage of APCI that it - different from ESI - actively generates ions from neutrals. Thus, APCI makes low- to medium-polarity analytes eluting from a liquid chromatograph accessible for mass spectrometry. In contrast to its development as an ionization method, the application of APCI has a backlog behind ESI. The use of APCI rapidly grew in the mid-1990, perhaps because... 

Gusev, A. L, Development and Applications of LC/MS for High Throughput Analytical Screening for Accelerated" Compound Discovery, American Society for Mass Spectrometry 2001 Conference Abstract, Chicago, ILL, USA, 2001. 

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