Applications animal husbandry

Annand, A.M., J.H.P. Dingle, A.B. Heath, and W.A. Palmer. 1976. Residues of famphur in bovine tissues and milk following its application as a pour-on insecticide. Austral. Jour. Exper. Agricul. Anim. Husbandry 16 82-87. 

Mordenite and cHnoptiloHte are used in small volume in adsorbent applications including air separation and in drying and purification [24]. Natural zeolites have also found use in bulk applications as fillers in paper, in pozzolanic cements and concrete, in fertihzer and soil conditioners and as dietary supplements in animal husbandry. 

As the application of mineral N-fertilisers is not permitted in organic farming systems, the following factors concerning the situation in organic animal husbandry (with regard to the emission of NH3) have to be noted (Oomen and van Veluw 1994 Unwin et al. 1995 Vries et al. 1997) ... 

The use of vitamins in humans consumes ca 40% of vitamins made worldwide. The majority of the vitamins, particularly in countries outside the United States, are used in animal husbandry. It is well estabUshed (21) that vitamins are critical to animal productivity, especially under confined, rapid growth conditions. Newer information (22) has shown that vitamin E added to catde feed has the additional effect of significandy prolonging beef shelf life in stores. Additional applications of vitamins exist. A small but growing market segment involves cosmetics (qv) (23). The use of the chemical properties of the vitamins, particularly as antioxidants (qv) in foods and, more recently, in plastics (vitamin E (24)), has emeiged as a growing trend. 

Polyether metabolites are ionophoric antibiotics which have their major applications in the area of animal husbandry. The distribution of oxygen atoms in these structures predisposes them towards the complexation of alkali metal ions, and their mode of action is considered to depend upon the ability to disrupt the sodium-potassium ion balance across cell membranes. Monensin A from Streptomyces cinnamonensis and tetronasin from Streptomyces longisporoflavus are extensively studied examples of these metabolites. 

Another important and more reliable use of progestogens is in the diagnosis and treatment of menstrual disorders. Additional therapeutic applications include endometriosis and endometrial carcinoma. A major agricultural use is in animal husbandry to synchronize the estrus in breeding cattle and sheep. 

From my distant view, this symposium appears as a bridge. It is a bridge from the past state of hypotheses and potentiality to the future state of theories and applications. Looking backward, we see the extensive investigations on agronomy and animal husbandry going back over eight decades with such illustrious names as Hoppe-Seyler, Omelianski, and... 

Animal husbandry is the main source of organic wastes in agriculture. It covers particularly excrements of farm animals which are, partly uncontrollably introduced into waters directly at the site of origin, and partly after their application to the fields in the form of fertilizers used for plant production. It is supposed that about 10% of this organic waste is introduced into streams. In Czechoslovakia, for example, the total quantity of wastes from livestock is higher than the amount produced by humans. 

The only clear application, therefore, to agricultural problems relates to animal husbandry and the diagnosis and control of diseases in domestic animals. This has not been a particularly popular line of research as far as I know, and the protection of this technology raises no particular problems unique to agriculture. ... 

The phannacology of a number of the above analogues has been reviewed by Karim and Adaikan [11c, pp. 327—360] and the practical application of some of these analogues in animal husbandry has been discussed by Cooper and Walpole [11b]. 

Lin, C. Gu, X.H. 2004. Rogress and application of inulinase. Modern Animal Husbandry. 1,37-39. Nakamura, T. Shitara, A. 1997. Production purification and properties of an endo-inulinase of penicillium sp. TN-88 that liberates inulinase. Ferment Bioeng. 4, 313-318. 

Antibiotics have been used for the treatment of infectious diseases and for a number of non-human applications (agriculture, animal husbandry, and aquaculture) during the past 70 years (Levy and Marshall 2004). Prior to the introduction of antibiotics, natural populations of human/animal bacterial pathogens or commensal bacteria were susceptible to antibiotics (Hughes and Datta 1983). Immediately after the entry of antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases, the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was observed. Today, the overwhelming majority of enterobacteria are resistant to sulfonamides, the first antibacterial chemotherapeutics introduced in clinical practice in 1937. Additionally, a high proportion of bacteria are resistant to a broad range of penicillins, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracyclines. 

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