Husbandry

Recently, however, new interest has developed due to their chemotherapeutic and bacteriostatic usefulness in animal husbandry. They also have been patented as herbicides and plant-growth-regulating agents. 

Insecticides. The use of iodine-based compounds as insecticides is of minor importance. The active ingredient is lodofenphos (142). It is formulated to be used in pubHc health and animal husbandry, eg, for cockroach control (see Insectcontroltechnology). 

The use of vitamins in humans consumes ca 40% of vitamins made worldwide. The majority of the vitamins, particularly in countries outside the United States, are used in animal husbandry. It is well estabUshed (21) that vitamins are critical to animal productivity, especially under confined, rapid growth conditions. Newer information (22) has shown that vitamin E added to catde feed has the additional effect of significantly prolonging beef shelf life in stores. Additional appHcations of vitamins exist. A small but growing market segment involves cosmetics (qv) (23). The use of the chemical properties of the vitamins, particularly as antioxidants (qv) in foods and, more recently, in plastics (vitamin E (24)), has emerged as a growing trend. 

Vitamin D deficiency in animals may be caused by the fact that the vitamin is not available to the hvestock. Modem animal husbandry subjects animals to total confinement with htde or no exposure to sunlight. This mandates that they be given vitamin D-fortified diets. The vitamin is sensitive to oxidation, heat, light, and minerals, and significant losses may occur in the fortified feed unless the product is adequately protected. Mycotoxins in feeds also interfere with utilization of vitamin D in feeds (207—209). 

Diet and Animal Husbandry of the Preclassic Maya at Cuello, Belize Isotopic and Zooarchaeological Evidence... 

White, C.D., Pohl, M. and Schwarcz, H. 1997 Maya husbandry of deer and dog. Paper presented at the 62 Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, St. Louis. 

Monteny, G. J., Groenestein, C. M., and Hilhorst, M. A. (2001). Interactions and coupling between emissions of methane and nitrous oxide from animal husbandry. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 60,123-132. 

Monteny, G. J., Bannink, A., and Chadwick, D. (2006). Greenhouse gas abatement strategies for animal husbandry. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 112,163-170. 

It should be emphasised that if animals are suffering then the farmer is encouraged to use the most effective veterinary method for alleviating suffering as quickly as possible. However, attention to husbandry, nutrition and stress factors will markedly reduce the incidence of disease. 

Janmaat, L. Groeniger, C.O. (2000) Organic pig husbandry in the Netherlands. Proceedings of the 13th International IFOAM Scientific Conference, Basel, Switzerland, p. 367. 

Lockhart, J.A.R. Wiseman, A.J.L. (1993) Crop Husbandry and Grassland. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 

Whether the husbandry of the production system is being efficiently carried out, and how much scope there is to increase reproductive efficiency in the sheep flock, for instance, by reducing the number of barren ewes and by reducing the number of lambs lost before sale. 

All farms are different, but certain problems recur, some to do with husbandry and some to do with marketing. In this chapter, problems that are common to several farms are described, in the belief that they will be of interest to farmers treading the same path to full organic production. Actual organic farms are described and the progress that has been made towards a solution is charted. 

General information on the botany and husbandry of cacao is documented in several references.5 7 For the purposes of this text, material on these topics has been limited to a brief overview. 

Animal husbandry requires the careful selection and management of breeding stock and a prize stud is an economically valuable asset. The expensive service fee makes it very important that the female be in estrus at the time of mating. In order to... 

The prompt identification of bacteria that are animal pathogens is important to veterinarians maintaining the health of pets, livestock, and poultry.14 It is also important to physicians if the animal pathogens are transmissible to humans. In animal husbandry, information on the species found in specialized microbial habitats, such as the bovine rumen, can even be used to improve the efficiency of feed conversion.15... 

Singh GP. Methanogenesis and production of greenhouse gases under animal husbandry system. Report of AP Cess Fund Project, National Dairy Research Institute, Kamal, India. 1998. 

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