Apollo

Helium is extensively used for filling balloons as it is a much safer gas than hydrogen. One of the recent largest uses for helium has been for pressuring liquid fuel rockets. A Saturn booster, like the type used on the Apollo lunar missions, required about 13 million fts of helium for a firing, plus more for checkouts. 

Zirconium is found in abundance in S-type stars, and has been identified in the sun and meteorites. Analysis of lunar rock samples obtained during the various Apollo missions to the moon show a surprisingly high zirconium oxide content, compared with terrestrial rocks. 

Titanium is present in meteorites and in the sun. Rocks obtained during the Apollo 17 lunar mission showed presence of 12.1% Ti02 and rocks obtained during earlier Apollo missions show lower percentages. 

Its importance depends on the nuclear property of being readily fissionable with neutrons and its availability in quantity. The world s nuclear-power reactors are now producing about 20,000 kg of plutonium/yr. By 1982 it was estimated that about 300,000 kg had accumulated. The various nuclear applications of plutonium are well known. 238Pu has been used in the Apollo lunar missions to power seismic and other equipment on the lunar surface. As with neptunium and uranium, plutonium metal can be prepared by reduction of the trifluoride with alkaline-earth metals. 

Apollo Chemical Corp.2 Applied Textile Technologies Inc. 

K. Han nig, H. Wirth, and E. Schoen,Apollo-Soyu Test Project Summay Science Peport, Vol. 1, NASA SP-412, Washington, D.C., 1977, p. 335. 

Civil space NASA and contractor work related to Apollo development and unmanned S/C ... 

A final, somewhat variable outlet for large-scale liquid oxygen is as oxidant in rocket fuels for space exploration, satellite launching and space shuttles. For example, in the Apollo mission to the moon (1979), each Saturn 5 launch rocket used 1270 m (i.e. 1.25 million litres or 1450 tonnes) of liquid oxygen in Stage 1, where it oxidized the kerosene fuel (195 000 1, or about 550 tonnes) in the almost unbelievably short time of 2.5 min. Stages 2 and 3 had 315 and 76.3 m of liquid O2 respectively, and the fuel was liquid FI2. 

Clean Coal Technology Program. (2000). Washington, DC U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy. . 

Although the principle of fuel cells has been known since 1838, practical applications arc fairly recent. The first applications were in the space program, where fuel cells powered the Gemini and Apollo spacecraft. In the 1960s and 1970s, fuel cells... 

Dimefoylhydrazine, foe fuel used in foe Apollo lunar descent module, has a molar mass of 60.10 g/mol. It is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms. The combustion of 2.859 g of the fuel in excess oxygen yields 4.190 g of carbon dioxide and 3.428 g of water. What are foe simplest and molecular formulas for dimefoylhydrazine ... 

HNS/Teflon Explosive Charges For The Apollo 17 Seismic Experiment, LSPE , NOLTR 73-44... 

The author would like to express his sincere thanks to the management of Apollo Tires Ltd. for kind permission to publish this article and Mr. Vivek Bhandari for his sincere help in compilation of this work. 

Apollo Tyres Ftd., R D Centre Fimda, Gujarat, India... 

Features. GEMM is written in a host-independent manner and it has been run with an Apollo, a VAX, and a MicroVAX II as a host. GEMM can currently perform the following operations perform molecular dynamics, perform energy minimizations, compute the energy and forces for a structure, and update the nonbond list (nonbond lists are usually automatic for the other operations). In addition, a wide variety of I/O sequences are possible, such as what is needed for interactive modelling work. 

The only host machines tested have been a VAX, a MicroVAX II, and the Apollo workstations. GEMM is available for distribution. 

Amides, alkaline hydrolysis, 215 Anharmonic systems, direct evaluation of quantum time-correlation functions, 93 Apollo DSP—160, CHARMM performance, 129/ simulations, solvent effects, 83... 

C06-0112. In some liquid-fuel rockets, such as the lunar lander module of the Apollo moon missions, the fuels are liquid hydrazine (N2 H4 ) and dinitrogen tetroxide gas (N2 O4 ). The two chemicals ignite on contact to release very large amounts of energy 2 N2 H4(/) + N2 04(g) 3 N2(g) + 4 H2 0(g)... 

Alkaline fuel cells (AFCs). The electrolyte is 40 to 70% KOH, the working temperatures are 60 to 240°C. Such systems were used in the spacecraft of the Apollo program and in the U.S. space shuttle. 

Science (1970) The Moon Issue Apollo ii Lunar Conference Volume. Vol 167 No 918. 

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