API protein

A variety of aspartic protease inhibitor (API) proteins have been resolved from plants [122-135] of which the best characterized at the gene and protein level are those from Solanum tuberosum (potato) (Solanaceae) [124-134] (Table 4). The potato aspartic protease inhibitor proteins are typically about 190 residues (about 20 kDa), have 3 disulphide bridges, are homologous to the soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) family Pis [133] and can also inhibit trypsin [124-134] (Table 4). 

Custom-made SFD towers and apparatuses have been designed, built and improved to produce nearly monodisperse, low-density lyophilisate powders suitable for pulmonary dmg delivery. Spray-freeze-dried particles were characterized regarding their mean geometric particle size, aerodynamic behaviour, surface morphology and interior structure, API (protein) stabihty, powder flowability and reconstitution characteristics. 

Regulatory proteins Insulin Somatotropin Thyrotropin lac repressor NEl (nuclear factor 1) Catabolite activator protein (CAP) API... 

Activator Protein-1 (API) comprises transcriptional complexes formed by dimers of members oftheFos, Jun, and ATF family of transcription factors. These proteins contain basic leucine zipper domains that mediate DNA binding and dimerization. They regulate many aspects of cell physiology in response to environmental changes. 

The ttj protein has inttinsic GTPase activity. The active fotm, (Xs GTP, is inactivated upon hydrolysis of the GTP to GDP the ttimetic G complex (apy) is then te-fotmed and is ready fot anothet cycle of activation. Gholeta and pettussis toxins catalyze the ADP-tibosylation of OL, and aj.2 (see Table 43-3), tespec-... 

There is a large family of G proteins, and these are part of the superfamily of GTPases. The G protein family is classified according to sequence homology into four subfamihes, as illustrated in Table 43-3. There are 21 a, 5 P, and 8 y subunit genes. Various combinations of these subunits provide a large number of possible aPy and cyclase complexes. 

Fig. 12. Tentative model of the signal transduction chain that links the perception of pectic fragments to defense responses in carrot cells. Abbreviations apy, heterotrimeric G protein CaM, calmodulin 4CL, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase CTX, cholera toxin FC, fusicoccine GDP-P-S and GTP-y-S, guanosine 5 -0-(2-thiodiphosphate) and guanosine 5 -0-(3-thiotriphosphate) IP3, 1,4,5-inositol trisphosphate PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase PLC, phospholipase C PR, pathogenesis related PTX, pertussis toxin Rc, receptor SP, staurosporine. Activation and inhibition are symbolized by + and -respectively.

Andrada, A. C. and Telleria, M. C. (2005). Pollen collected by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) from south of Calden district (Argentina) Botanical origin and protein content. Grana 44, 115-122. 

Simiith, J. (2001). Some properties of the main protein of honeybee (Apis mellifera) royal jelly. Apidologie 32, 69-80. 

Basheer, R., Porkka-Heiskanen, T., Stenberg, D. McCarley, R. W. (1999). Adenosine and behavioral state control adenosine increases c-Fos protein and API binding in basal forebrain of rats. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 73 (1-2), 110. 

Compound 508 (PNRI-299), a small molecule /3-strand mimetic template compound, is active as an inhibitor of the multifunctional activating protein factor 1 (AP-1). PNRI-299 has demonstrable effects on the reduction of API-driven transcription and beneficial pharmacological effects in a mouse asthma model. The compound affects the expression of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) synthase, a crucial enzyme for the formation of the cysteinyl leukotrienes <2003PNA1169, 2004MI211>. 

Another major protein component of clathrin-coated vesicles, generally known as adaptins, bind and link clathrin coats to the membrane [5], Multiple types of adaptins have been described, each type binding a unique set of cargo receptors and associated to a specific membrane organelle. Different sets of adaptins participate in forming the coat assembly complexes for the Golgi (API) and the plasma membrane (AP2). Sequential assembly and... 

Direct injection API-Electrospray MS is capable of analyzing much larger and less volatile substances than either EI/MS or CI/MS. As a result, this method is often used to provide structural information on peptides, proteins, and polymers derived from both natural and synthetic processes it is also useful in the analysis of many natural compounds including molecules such as saponins and flavonol glycosides, derived from plants. When using direct injection API-electrospray, partial purification and EC preparation are performed elsewhere and a collected fraction is dissolved in an appropriate solvent and injected as a bolus into the mass spectrometer (flow or direct injection or syringe infusion). This has an advantage, as the mass... 

Marchi, I., Rudaz, S., Selman, M., and Veuthey, J. L. (2007). Evaluation of the influence of protein precipitation prior to on-line SPE-LC-API/MS procedures using multivariate data analysis.. ... 

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