API project

Characterisation of the Heavy Ends of Petroleum, API Project 60, American Petroleum Institute, 1971 J. E. Dooley, D. E. Hirsch, C. J. Thompson, and... 

API Project 44, Catalog of Mass Spectral Data, Texas A M University, College Station, Tex., 1963. Table No. 1007, rc-Ci8H38 Table No. 109, n-C10H22 Table No. 705, rc-C20H42 Table No. 1316, rc-C30H62. 

API Project 44 thermochemical data). In fact, the proportion of Ce product observed under these conditions over various platinum film catalysts tends to be rather irreproducible for reasons that are not at all apparent it is probably associated with some variable feature of catalyst surface structure. 

European refinery gasification projects include the API project in Falconara, Italy Sarlux project in Sardinia, Italy ISAB project in Sicily, Italy and Shell project in Pemis, Netherlands. Several plants are also reported to gasify biomass to produce gaseous fuels or electric power. 

Neeper-Bradley TL. 1989a. Developmental toxicity study of commercial hexane vapor in CD(Sprague-Dawley) rats. Prepared by Bushy Run Research Center (Export, PA) for the American Petroleum Institute (API), Project Report 52-605, October 27, 1989. 

The study of the catalytic cracking of pure hydrocarbons as a key to the interpretation of the catalytic cracking of petroleum fractions is predicated on the belief that most of the hydrocarbons present in petroleum can be allocated to relatively few simple classes. This belief is supported particularly by the accumulated results of API Project 6, originally titled The Separation, Identification, and Determination of the Constituents of Petroleum (now retitled Analysis, Purification, and Properties of Hydrocarbons ). For the sake of consistency of experimental conditions, the data reported are those of the... 

Another development that may well influence the distillation science of tomorrow is the rotary column under study by API Project 6 and the Bureau of Standards (58). 

The temperature was then increased to 200 C at a rate of 1 C per minute and maintained constant until elution was essentially complete. The absence of a data system interfaced to the LKB 9000P GC/MS precluded exhaustive structure elucidation. However, major components and compound types were identified by comparing mass spectra of the column effluents with standard API Project 44 mass spectra and by the m/z values observed in individual spectra in relation to the molecular weights observed in the group-type analyses. Semiquantitative analyses were calculated from the FID gas chromatograms obtained using the PE 3920 GC. 

A number of reviews related to the identification of sulfur compounds in petroleum should be mentioned. Dean and Whitehead (30) summarized work on separation and identification of sulfur compounds in petroleum and shale oil in 1967. Drushel (7) reviewed sulfur compound types with an emphasis on the available analytical methods as of 1970. Mehmet (31) and Gal pern (32) also reviewed sulfur compounds in petroleum in 1971 with some speculation on their origin. The major contributions of API Project 48 reported by Coleman et al. in 1971, Rail et al. in 1972, and Thompson in 1981 will be discussed below (33-35) More recent summaries of sulfur compounds by Aksenov and Kamyanov in 1981 (36) and by Gal pern in 1985 (37), discuss OSC in petroleum, processed petroleum fractions, shale oil, coal derived liquids and related products. These reviews include much of the Soviet literature. In 1975 and 1978 Orr (28-291 discussed sulfur in the petroleum system with somewhat... 

Table I. Number and Types of Sulfur Compounds Identified by API Project 48 ...

The principal source of high purity samples from 1952 to 1960 was the American Petroleum Institute Research Project 6 at Camegie-Mellon University. These samples were distributed to researchers through the API Project 44 from Camegie-Mellon University and Texas A M University. Phillips Petroleum Co. also supplied high purity samples, but they ceased doing so. Samples for 300 compounds from API Project 42 are available from the Thermodynamics Research Center, along with limited supplies of samples for compounds from API Project 6. 

The authors thank the American Petroleum Institute for continued interest and support of this research under API Project 47D,... 

API Project 44, Selected Values of Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds, A M College of Texas, College Station, Tex., 1955. 

The published values of blending octane numbers from the API project... 

Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A M University. Continuation of API Project 44 plus extensive additional data. Write Data Distribution Office, TRC, College Station, Tex. 77843. 

The API Project and the Extraction of Purified Hydrocarbons from Crude Oils. 6... 

Figure 1.3 API Project, separation of a S5tnthetic mixture of n-dodecane, triethylbenzene, and 1-methylnaphthalene with isopropanol as the displacer. Column as in Figure 1.2, packed with silica gel. Reproduced with permission from B.D. Mair, A.L. Gaboriault, and F.D. Rossini, Ind. Eng. Chem., 39 (1947) 1072 (Fig. 5). (c)1947 American Chemical Society.

In their paper, Composition of Petroleum (250), Rossini and Mair state that it is planned that the work of API Project 6 on the exhaustive examination of one representative crude petroleum will be continued into those portions not yet fully investigated. Improvements in fractionation, extraction, crystallization, and other separating techniques are being studied to cope with the more difficult problems ahead. It is planned to continue the purification of additional API Standards and Research Samples, giving priority to those most in demand. 

In addition to the abovementioned thermodynamic data prepared by the API Project 48 and the thermodynamic values of the sulfur compounds given in API Project 44 82, 102), and data from other miscellaneous sources 99, 109), a valuable summary of the available or readily calculated thermodynamic properties of sulfur compounds of... 

Prior to the formation of the API Project 48, the Bureau of Mines initiated research on the problem of sulfur in petroleum. For this reason the Advisory Council of Project 48 after its formation elected the Bureau of Mines to carry out a portion of its program because such an arrangement was to their mutual interest and would eliminate duplication of work. There are some phases of the Bureau s work on sulfur in petroleum that API Project 48 does not support. Some of the publications on this type of work and on Bureau of Mines work on sulfur in petroleum before the estabhshment of Project 48 are as follows (2, 20, Jfi, 49, 50, 112, 124, 1 4, IM- Other Bureau of Mines... 

Timmerman, J., Physico-Chemical Constants of Pure Organic Compounds, Elsevier, New York, 1950 Selected Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds, Vol. 1, API Project 44, Thermodynamics Research Center, Houston, TX, 1966. 

Let us examine how structure types were assigned to one aromatic and six naphthenic-paraffinic fractions separated from the lubricating oil portion of the Midcontinent petroleum investigated in API Project 6. These fractions were prepared from the material which comprised the 83rd to the 93rd percentile of the total petroleum (ranked by volatility), as follows ... 

API Project 44, Catalog of Mass Spectral Data, Chemical Thermody-... 

---