Aphids preventative

Elder leaves contain the alkaloid sambucine, a precursor of hydrocyanic acid, which is somewhat toxic. Thus, the leaves are used only topically in ointments for sprains or bruises. Bruised leaves can be rubbed on the body or worn under a hat to prevent being pestered by insects. Cooled strained leaf tea can be applied to plants to discourage aphids. 

Efficient control of stinging and sucking insects prevents the creation of pathways for fungal penetration (e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis in maize, aphids in cereals). 

Apple problems Aphids like to colonize tender shoot tips if they go unnoticed, it may become neoessary to prune out badly infested and distorted growth near right). A proteotive band far right) used to prevent wingless female winter moths from olimbing trees to lay their eggs, may also help with aphid problems—by keeping ants, which farm aphids, out of the tree. 

DDT was used to prevent migratory locusts, armyworms, acarids, aphids, phralidid caterpillars, and soil insects in orchards, paddy fields, and vegetable fields. For sanitation and epidemic prevention, DDT was used to kill mosquitoes, flies, cooties, fleas, bedbugs, cockroaches, etc. 

Apply glue to the basal part of five stems. This will prevent ants from visiting their aphid colonies farther out on the plant shoot. 

Leaves puckered and curled downward plant dwarfed. Cause Curly top virus. Remove and destroy infected plants. Prevent problems by controlling aphids that spread the disease and by planting resistant or tolerant cultivars such as Goldcrop , Great Northern , and Hystyle . 

Leaves yellow and mottled stalks twisted plant dwarfed. Cause Celery mosaic. Destroy infected plants. Control aphids because they can spread viral diseases as they feed. Prevent problems by planting resistant cultivars such as Florida 683 and Utah-52-70R Improved . 

Leaves yellow, curled, and wilted. Cause Aphids. Look for small, green, pink, gray, black, or white fluffy-coated, soft-bodied insects feeding on plants. Aphids can also transmit viruses. For mild infestations, knock pests off plants with a blast of water. Control with a weak insecticidal soap spray see the caution on page 213 before spraying. Prevent problems by using a foil mulch, which keeps aphids from finding plants. 

Vines stunted, unproductive, eventually dying. Causes Grape phylloxeras grape scale Pierce s disease. Grape phylloxeras are aphids that infest both leaves and roots. Leaf infestation causes harmless, pealike leaf galls. Root infestation causes knotlike root galls that prevent nutrient uptake and cause stunting and death of the vine. 

Leaves and flowers greenish yellow, distorted new growth spindly. Cause Aster yellows. Feeding leafhoppers may transmit this disease. There is no control for aster yellows. Remove and destroy infected plants do not compost them. Prevent the disease spread by controlling sucking pests such as leafhoppers and aphids. 

Aphids are soft-bodied, small, green, black, gray, pink, or white fluffy-coated, sucking insects that can spread diseases. For light infestations, knock pests off plants with a blast of water. Spray plants with insecticidal soap to control or with neem or pyrethrin if infestation is heavy. Cover plants with row cover when they come up to prevent problems. 

Leaves mottled and ruffled. Cause Mosaic virus. Plants are stunted. Destroy infected plants as soon as possible. Control aphids that spread the disease. See Young leaves yellow and distorted above for controls. Prevent problems by planting resistant or tolerant cultivars such as Don Juan , Greenfield . Montello , Nancy , Paris Island Cos , Salad Bibb , and Salad Crisp . 

Leaves discolored and puckered or curled. Causes Leafhoppers aphids viral diseases bacterial ring rot. If leaves have yellow patches and brown edges, look for leafhoppers—tiny green or brown insects that suck plant sap and hop, scuttle sideways, or fly when disturbed. Spray with insecticidal soap or pyrethrin to control. Prevent infestations by covering plants with row cover when they come up. 

If leaf edges roll upward and are yellow-green, the plants may have leafroll virus. Destroy infected plants. Prevent problems by controlling aphids, which spread the disease as they feed, or by planting resistant cultivars such as Katahdin and Yukon Gold . If leaves are dark green or mottled with yellow, the plants have one of many viral diseases. Destroy infected plants. Prevent problems by controlling aphids that spread viruses. 

If young leaves are yellow, deformed, and stunted, the plant has curly top virus. Deformed leaves may die. If older leaves are also mottled, the plant is suffering from mosaic virus, also called blight or yellows. Destroy infected plants. Control aphids, which spread mosaic as they feed, and beet leafhoppers, which transmit curly top. Prevent some problems by planting mosaic-tolerant cultivars such as Indian Summer , Melody , and Winter Bloomsdale. 

Squash do best in well-drained, loose-textured soils with lots of organic matter. They will grow in soils with a pH between 5.5 and 6.8, but prefer a pH above 6.0. Squash need lots of water, but don t let soil become saturated. Prevent disease problems by keeping the leaves dry. Mulch squash to help conserve water. Black plastic is a good choice for northern areas, but in the extremely warm areas it can warm the soil too much. Organic mulches are good, too, but may provide shelter for pests like squash bugs. Foil mulches help prevent aphid problems. To prevent rot, support fruit on scraps of wood. 

Laying down reflective mulch, such as aluminum foil, around plants is an effective aphid deterrent. The reflection disorients the pests sufficiently to keep plants free from aphids and the diseases they transmit. Applying organic sprays or dusts to control insects may he useful in avoiding some insect-transmitted diseases, but does not always control the insect sufficiently to prevent inoculation. 

Prevention and (, ontrol Plant resistant euhivars when available. Mosaic viruses are mostly spread by insect pests, especially aphids and leaf hoppers. If possible, deny these carriers access to your crop by covering the plants with floating row cover. For more information on preventing and controlling aphids and leaf-hoppers, see pages 269 and. 302. Once plants are infeeted, there are no controls remove and destroy infected plants. 

Prevention and Control This fungus grows on the sticky excretions (known as hon-eydew) produced by insects such as aphids, scales, and mealybugs. The fungus does not directly injure the plant, but the black coating is unsightly and may interfere with photosynthesis and reduce plant growth. ... 

Oxadiazines containing ( )-/3-farnesene analogs, for example 395, have been used in the prevention and control of aphids <2005CN1631883>. 

Phloem sap may be obtained by a variety of methods ranging from the use of aphid stylets to the cutting of vascular tissue. Recent techniques have involved the use of EDTA to prevent the resealing of phloem elements (King and Zeevaart, 1974) and successive cutting of the pod tip of Lupinus albus (Pate et al., 1974) and Glycine max (Fellows et al., 1978). A summary of some... 

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