Antistatic photographic films

CS derivatives/salts have found limited use as detergents (25), antistatic coatings for photographic film (26), oil drilling fluids (25), thickeners in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals (27). They have been recommended for use as cation exchangers (28,29). Also, sulfated polysaccharides have recendy shown interesting antiviral activity (30). 

Examples of known phosphazene polymer blends are those in which phosphazenes with methylamino, trifluoroethoxy, phenoxy, or oligo-ethyleneoxy side groups form blends with poly(vinyl chloride), polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), or polyethylene oxide).97 100 IPNs have been produced from [NP(OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3)2] (MEEP) and poly(methyl methacrylate).101-103 In addition, a special type of IPN has been reported in which a water-soluble polyphosphazene such as MEEP forms an IPN with a silicate or titanate network generated by hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane or tetraalkoxytitanane.104 These materials are polyphosphazene/ceramic composites, which have been described as suitable materials for the preparation of antistatic layers in the manufacture of photographic film. 

Conductive polymers have found other applications, however, often in areas where their relatively high cost is justified by highly specialized uses for which other products are not nearly as effective. For example, a variety of such polymers have been used as antistatic agents on photographic film, in carpeting, and in surgical rooms ... 

FIGURE 17.14 Photograph of the appearance of a CRT with an antireflective/antistatic thin film. 

Polonium is a strong emitter of a-particles approximately 1 gram of °Po emits 140 watts of heat energy. For this reason, it is used as a source of thermoelectric power in satellites. It is also utilized as a source of neutrons (when mixed with beryllium), as an antistatic device in industrial equipment, and in brushes that remove dust from photographic film, see also Curie, Marie Sklodowska Halogens Radioactivity Radium Uranium. 

Figure 5.1. Generic multilayer photographic film element shown in cross-section, illustrating the key morphological components overcoats, emulsion layers, subbing layer, support and antistat layer. The layer thicknesses are not drawn proportionately to scale. A typical emulsion layer may be 3-6 pm thick, a typical overcoat or interlayer may be 1-2 pm thick, and the support is typically of the order of 100 pm in thickness...

PEDOTiPSS was first introduced in an industrial product as a roll-to-roll deposited antistatic layer on biaxially oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) during photographic film production in order to avoid unwanted, stray electrostatic discharges within the photoactive layers during film processing. The use of PEDOTiPSS as the conductive ingredient in the antistatic layer proved particularly advantageous because... 

Orgacon ICP Baytron Agfa Gevaert, Belgium and HC Starck/Bayer Material Science, Germany PEDOT PSS Photographic films, electrode materials, antistatic coatings... 

Photographic film antistat W. Germany 1,815,944 1970 Agfa-Gevaert A.G. 

Water-repellent finishes for films and fibers Antistatic coatings for photographic films Melamine-formaldehyde resin modifier K salt and rubber coatings Decarboxylated resin Acid polymer dehydration Hair waving formulations Decarboxylated resins Imide copolymers for nonflammable foams Thermosetting resins... 

Ag halide dispersant for photographic emulsions Antistatic coatings for photographic films Antistatic coatings for photographic films Na salt antistatic for films... 

Antistatic resins—photographic films Isobutylene W. Germany 2,144,286 1972 Fuji Photo Film... 

Orientated free films Antistatic coatings—photographic films... 

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