Antistatic agents anionic

Antistatic agents, anionic, to be used as additives to other finishing agents. 

Fabric softeners may also contain antistatic agents (anionic or ethoxylated nonionic surfactants) and/or humectants to increase the moisture level at the fabric surface [52],... 

Antistatic polystyrenes have been developed in terms of additives or coatings to minimise primarily dust collecting problems in storage (see Antistatic agents). Large Hsts of commercial antistatic additives have been pubhshed (41). For styrene-based polymers, alkyl and/or aryl amines, amides, quaternary ammonium compounds, anionics, etc, are all used. 

Anionic antistatic agent for natural and synthetic fibers. HYDROSTAT A may be applied in conjunction with anionic or nonionic materials. 

Excellent antistat agent for polyvinyl acetate and acrylic emulsions not resin bath stable--anionic. 

A wide range of anionic and nonionic TRITON surfactants is available for use in the textile industry. They are useful in solving wetting problems, as dyeing assistants, as dye leveling agents, as softeners, as antistatic agents as well as emulsifiers and stabilizers. 

Poly(propylene oxide) is typically obtained by base catalyzed anionic polymerization of propylene oxide [12]. Both stereospecific and atactic forms are known. The polymer is used as a soft polyether unit in polyurethane elastomers and foams in polymer electrolytes as surfactants (lubricants, dispersants, antistatic agents, foam control agents) in printing inks, as solubilizers in hydraulic fluids, coolant compositions in various medical applications (protective bandages, drug delivery systems, organ preservation, dental compositions), etc. 

Avitex [Du Pont], TM for a group of textile softeners, lubricants, and antistatic agents. Both anionic and cationic types are available. 

Static charges on polymer surfaces can be controlled by the presence of antistatic agents that make the surface more conductive or less resistive. For example, water within a hydrophilic polymer can act as an antistatic agent and prevent static buildup. The amount of water is important for example, water in a polyamide in equilibrium with air at 65% RH acts as an antistatic agent, but at iow RH values, water is not effective. Since most polymers used in packaging are not hydrophilic, antistatic additives may be used to control static. Generally, these agents are cationic, anionic, or nonionic surfactants. 

A common group of cationic antistats is alkyl quaternary ammonium salts. These are mostly employed in polar substrates such as PVC and in styrenic polymers. Other types include alkyl phosphonium and alkyl sulfonium salts. Flexible PVC may contain up to 7% of these antistatics for nonfood uses, as they have not been approved by the FDA. Sodium alkyl sulfonates, similar to common detergents, have gained wide acceptance as anionic antistatic agents, and are used in PVC and styrenic polymers. Other anionic antistats include alkyl phosphonic, dithiocarba-mic, and carboxylic acids. 

Antistatic agents are incorporated in plastics to prevent or reduce the build-up of static charges on the surface of a product. They must be able to stand the processing temperatures used and not interact negatively with other additives (some cationic and anionic antistats interfere with PVC heat stabilisers). They must also satisfy food contact regulations, and not adversely affect performance in other ways. 

Anionic antistatic agents include the sodium alkyl sulfonates, e.g., RO(S02)ONa, the sulphonamides, e.g., C12H25-N-SO2NH2 (where N is a benzene ring) and the sodium alkyl phosphates, e.g., (RO)2PONa, where R is a long hydrocarbon chain such as stearate. 

Internal antistatic agents are of interfacially active character, and via migration accumulate on the surface of the plastic product. Their molecules posses hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups the former confer a certain compatibility with the polymer and the hydrophilic groups take care of the binding and exchange of water on the surface. They are anionic, cationic or nonionic compounds [97]. External agents are applied to the surface of the plastic material in the form of aqueous or alcoholic solutions. 

Examples of cationic antistatic agents include the long chain quaternary ammonium and sulfonium alkyl salts such as chlorides, nitrates and methosulfates. They are used in high concentrations in polar polymers such as PVC, and also in various styrene based polymers. Anionic antistats are usually alkali salts of alkyl phosphonic, sulfonic or dithiocarba-mic acids. Examples of their application are the styrene polymers, and the saturated (thermoplastic) polyesters. 

A 35 percent active QAC antistatic agent solution suitable for systems that are alkaline due to the buffering effect of the dlhydrogen phosphate anion. 

TABLE 3 Effect of anionic antistatic agents on the specific surface resistivity of PE... 

Anionic Starches Anionische St ke Annual Einjahrig Antibiotics Antibiotika Antistatic Agents Antistatika Aiachidic Add Arachinsaure Arachidonic Add Arachidonsaure L-Ascorbic Add L-Ascorbinsaure Atropine Atropin Avocado Avocado Azelaic Add Azelainsaure... 

Anionische Starke Anionic Starches Anstrich Coatings Antibiotika Antibiotics Antistatika Antistatic Agents Arachidonsaure Arachidonic Acid Arachinsaure Arachidic Acid... 

Surface-active agents iacrease the conductivity of oils quite significantly (97), and addition of water, probably dissolved at the iaterface with the surfactant, further iacreases the conductivity. Nonionic and cationic surface-active agents are preferred to anionic surface-active agents probably because of their higher solubiHty ia oils and higher hygroscopicity. Many anionic surfactants have adequate antistatic efficiency, but they are used less frequendy. 

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