Antimony tri-oxide

NH2.HCl)2SbCl. —8 grams of m-aminophenyldichlorostibine hydrochloride are boiled for one hour with 500 c.c. of water, antimony tri-oxide separating out. The latter is removed, the filtrate evaporated and the residue taken up in a little water. After again filtering, hydrochloric acid is added, the dihydrochloride separating as colourless needles (3 7 grams), M.pt. 215° C. with decomposition. It readily dissolves in water, and alkah precipitates the hydroxide. 

Ammonium nitrate Ammonium polyphosphate Ammonium zirconyl carbonate Antimony trichloride Antimony tri oxide... 

Spiessglas, n. antimony. See also Spiessglanz-. -erz, n. stibnite. -weiss, n. antimony white (tri oxide). 

Chemicals such as magnesium and lead oxides, calcium hydroxide, antimony tri- and pentasulphide can be used as boosters for organic accelerators for some products, such as thick walled large volume articles, e.g., rollers. 

The most important range for inorganio chemicals is between 1 40 and 1 70. But there are some substances, such as certain oxides and sulphides, whose indices lie well above this range, or even well above 2 0. Media which are liquid at room temperature and have such high refractive indices are not available, but certain mixtures of substances which solidify to glasses may be used. A little of the medium is melted on a microscope slide, the substance under examination is dusted into the melt, a cover-glass is pressed on, and the slide is then allowed to cool. Substances which have been used in this way are mixtures of piperine with arsenic and antimony tri-iodides (for indices 1 7-2 1), mixtures of sulphur and selenium (2-0-2-7)—for details, see Larsen and Berman (1934)—and mixtures of the halides of thallium (Barth, 1929). 

Aside from these three classes (species with unfilled inner subshells, with unpaired electrons, or with two different oxidation states of the same element), there are a number of colored inorganic substances about which generalizations may be set up only with difficulty. Among these are many of the elementary nonmetals, a large number of covalent salts (such as mercuric iodide, cadmium sulfide, silver phosphate and lithium nitride), a number of nonmetal halides (iodine monochloride, selenium tetrachloride, antimony tri-iodide, etc.), and the colored ions, chromate, permanganate, and Ce(H20) v, whose central atoms presumably have rare-gas structures. 

Hayes [5] prepared a five component biodegradable blend that was used in melt blown containers consisting of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-terephthalate, (IV), lactic acid, tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-trimeUitate, (V), ethylene glycol, and poly(ethylene glycol) using manganese (II) acetate tetrahydrate and antimony(III) oxide as initiators. 

Since organoaluminum compounds have become industrially available by Ziegler s direct synthesis, they have appeared to offer opportunities for synthesis of organoantimony compounds for example, the preparation of tri-alkylstibines by treatment of antimony(m) oxide with trialkylaluminums has been proposed 516... 

Chlorine reacts with antimony tri-2-thienyl to form the dichloride, M.pt. 229 C. (corr.) with decomposition. The corresponding di-hromide melts at 182-5° C. Treatment of these dihalidcs with potassium hydroxide transforms them into the oxide, M.pt. 217° C. (corr.) with decomposition. 

Thenard (whose result is quoted by Dalton (Vol. Ill, p. 783)) found the composition of sulphuric acid (SO3) as 55 56 sulphur+ 44 44 oxygen, which is very inaccurate. He recognised six oxides of antimony Proust limited the number to two, the ordinary (tri)oxide and one with more oxygen. The exact number, three (SbgOg, Sb204, and SbgOs), was established by Berzelius, who formulated them Sb + 30, Sb+40, and Sb + 60 (a suboxide Sb + 0 being... 

Initially, common phthalate plasticizers were included in die extremely hazardous substances list (Section 311) of Title III SARA, but this has since been corrected. But many usual plastics compounding ingredients still remain Usted and must be reported. For example, EPA denied a petition from a vinyl stabilizer company to de-list antimony tris(isooctylmercaptoacetate), a well known PVC stabilizer, since it considers the oxide decomposition products to be possible carcinogens. 

In volume terms the most important class of fire retardants are the phosphates. Tritolyl phosphate and trixylyl phosphate are widely used plasticisers which more or less maintain the fire-retarding characteristics of PVC (unlike the phthalates, which reduce the flame resistance of PVC products). Better results are, however, sometimes obtained using halophosphates such as tri(chloroethyl) phosphate, particularly when used in conjunction with antimony oxide, triphenyl stibine or antimony oxychloride. 

Xenon difluoride has been used to oxidize a number of antimony compounds [102, 109] in yields ranging from 73 to 98%. Elemental fluorine oxidized tris(pen-tafluorophenyl)stibine to tris(pentafluorophenyl)stibine difluoride in 98% yield [706]. Oxidative fluonnation of stibines has also been accomplished with iodine pentafluoride [707]. 

Discussion. Iodine (or tri-iodide ion Ij" = I2 +1-) is readily generated with 100 per cent efficiency by the oxidation of iodide ion at a platinum anode, and can be used for the coulometric titration of antimony (III). The optimum pH is between 7.5 and 8.5, and a complexing agent (e.g. tartrate ion) must be present to prevent hydrolysis and precipitation of the antimony. In solutions more alkaline than pH of about 8.5, disproportionation of iodine to iodide and iodate(I) (hypoiodite) occurs. The reversible character of the iodine-iodide complex renders equivalence point detection easy by both potentiometric and amperometric techniques for macro titrations, the usual visual detection of the end point with starch is possible. 

With the exception of antimony (V), which requires the presence of iodide for its reduction, all species can be reduced in an acid medium at a pH of 1 -2. However, the reduction of some species, including antimony (III), arsenic (III), and all tin species, will also proceed at higher pH, where arsenic (V) and antimony (V) are not converted to their hydrides. This effect permits the selective determination of the various oxidation states of these elements [714, 716]. In the case of tin, reduction can be achieved at the pH of the Tris-HCl... 

Antimony is stable in dry air and not readily attacked by moisture slowly oxidized by moist air. Under controlled conditions oxidation may result forming tri-, tetra-, and pentaoxides 86203, 86264 and 86265, respectively. 

Antimony Trichloride Antimony Trichloride Antimony Pentachloride Antimony Pentachloride Antimony Pentafluoride Antimony Pentachloride Antimony Potassium Tartarate Antimony Trichloride Antimony Trifluoride Antimony Trioxide Benzene Hexachloride Benzene Hexachloride Tris(Aziridinyl) Phosphine Oxide Ammonium Hydroxide Thiram... 

Other combinations with antimony oxide were tested by Sala and Tri-firo [272] by adding Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, Ce, Cd and U oxides. These binary oxides are compared with tin antimonate. The selectivities do not differ much, although the activities do. The explanation given by the authors is that the active site is always Sb5+=0, which is reduced. The second metal is assumed to adsorb oxygen and effect a rapid reoxidation of Sb4+. 

Tris(tribromoneopentyl) phosphate combines bromine and phosphorus in the same molecule it has been successfully incorporated into polypropylene. Studies have dealt with the question of synergism between bromine and phosphorus present in the same molecule.71,72 Fire-retardant efficiency without the need for antimony oxide opens the door for this product in the field of PP fibers and textiles. 

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