Antimony compounds preparation

This reaction gives fair-to-good yields of monoorganotin tribromides and trichlorides when quaternary ammonium or phosphonium catalysts are used (149). Better yields are obtained with organic bromides and staimous bromide than with the chlorides. This reaction is also catalyzed by tri alkyl antimony compounds at 100—160°C, bromides are more reactive than chlorides in this preparation (150,151). a,C0-Dihaloalkanes also react in good yield giving CO-haloalkyltin trihaHdes when catalyzed by organoantimony compounds (152). 

Stibiae may be prepared by the treatment of metal antimonides with acid, chemical reduction of antimony compounds, and the electrolysis of acid or alkaline solutions usiag a metallic antimony cathode ... 

In a manner similar to phosphoms, arsenic, and antimony, the bismuth atom can be either tri- or pentacovalent. However, organobismuth compounds are less stable thermally than the corresponding phosphoms, arsenic, or antimony compounds, and there are fewer types of organobismuth compounds. For example, with R MX, R3MX2, R2MX3, and RMX, where M is a Group 15 (VA) element and X is a halogen, only the first two types have been prepared where M = Bi, but all four types are known where M = P, As, or Sb. 

In molecules in which the nitrogen atom is at a bridgehead, pyramidal inversion is of course prevented. Such molecules, if chiral, can be resolved even without the presence of the two structural features noted above. For example, optically active 12 (Trdger s base) has been prepared. Phosphorus inverts more slowly and arsenic still more slowly." Nonbridgehead phosphorus," arsenic, and antimony compounds have also been resolved... 

Other synthetic pathways for the preparation of group-13-element antimony compounds include dehydro- and dehalosilylation reactions of R2SbSiMe3 or Sb(SiMe3)3 with R MX or MX3 (R = SiMe3, t-Bu R = Me, Et, i-Bu M = Ga, In X = H, Cl).53 A review of the chemistry of these potential precursors for 13-15 semiconductors was recently published.55... 

Antimonypentoxide (Sb Oj) is used as a flame retardant for textile materials and as a source to prepare other antimony compounds. 

Quite often additional trifluorosilane can be obtained by simply returning the unreacted silane to the reaction vessel and allowing additional reaction time. A single reaction period yields about 1.5 g. (65% based on HSiCl3 employed) of product having an observed molecular weight of 86.9 (calcd. 86.1) and an infrared spectrum consistent with pure trifluorosilane.11 However, on some occasions the product is contaminated with silicon tetra-fluoride due to a reaction of the antimony compounds with the trifluorosilane. The silicon tetrafluoride impurity does not interfere with the preparation of tetracarbonyl(trifluorosilyl)cobalt. 

Mercury Derivatives.—The mode of preparation of these compounds is similar to that adopted for the preceding compounds. When mercuric chloride is used and the operations are carried out in methyl alcohol, a yellow powder results, which is soluble in methyl alcohol, glycerine, ethylene glycol, and acidified potassium iodide solution. It is decomposed by water or sodiunr hydroxide aird is only slightly soluble in dilute acids, but if treated with antimony compounds, antimonyl derivatives are obtained, which are more soluble and are stable in alkaline solutions. The decomposition by water is said to give rise to colloidal mercury and 3-amino-4-hydroxyplienylarsenoxide, OH.CgHa.(NH2).AsO. If an excess of mercuric chloride is used, the oxidation proceeds to o-aminophenol, mercurous chloride, and arsenious... 

This compound is prepared in a similar manner to the corresponding antimony derivative (p. 488), bismuth trichloride taking the place of the antimony trichloride. The substance has a similar solubility to the antimony compound, but is black in colour. Its aqueous solutions are decomposed on boiling, and hydrogen peroxide in alkaline solution... 

Like phosphine, the trihydrides of arsenic and antimony are not formed by direct combination with molecular hydrogen. They are usually prepared by reducing arsenic or antimony compounds with atomic hydrogen produced at a zinc surface dissolving in dilute hydrochloric acid ... 

Cotton possesses the power of attracting a certain amount of tannic acid from solutions containing this body, and of retaining it even after washing. Cotton prepared in this manner may be dyed with most basic dyestuffs just as well as wool. In practice the cotton treated with tannic acid is further submitted to the action of tartar emetic or some other antimony compound. An insoluble salt of tannic acid and antimony oxide is formed, and... 

Antimony (Sb) compounds have been known since ancient Egyptian times and were used as cosmetics by the women of that era. In the sixteenth century, Sb preparations were thought to be wonder drugs and in the nineteenth century were prescribed for a number of conditions. Antimony compounds are used today as the standard treatment against parasitic diseases, such as leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, and bilharziasis. ... 

Use Preparation of antimonates and other antimony compounds, flame retardant for textiles. 

Like arsenic salts, the history of antimony compounds as therapeutic agents dates back to medieval age when Paracelus (1493-1541) recommended metallic antimony and its salts as a cure for many diseases. Although the above panacea made Paracelsus the father of iatrochemistry, the therapy was later rejected by patients due to toxic effects [1,9]. The interest in antimony compounds revived during 1918-1920 when the medicinal value of tartar emetic (10), a mordant prepared in 1847 by boiling antimony trioxide and cream of tartar in water [14], was established by Christopherson [15] and Rogers [16]. 

---