Cotton preparation

Pectinases Hydrolysis of pectins, for example in cotton preparation" and retting of flax and hemp... 

After a thin gas-permeable silica fiber sheet has been placed on the bottom of a draft cell, i.e., the cell with which the sample cell is prepared, the sample of the oil-soaked adsorbent cotton prepared above, the volume of which is about 2 cm is charged in the cell. The glass jig mentioned in a footnote in Section 7.3 is used at this time to provide a thin vertical hole at the center of the oil-soaked adsorbent cotton charged in the cell in order to facilitate the insertion of the thermocouple into the cotton. 

Place in a tube 10 ml of acetic anhydride, 15 ml of acetic acid, and 2 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid. Add 0.5 g of the cotton prepared above and push it with a rod to the bottom of the tube. Cool the tube at first and allow to stand for 15 minutes. Heat in a water bath at 60-70° for 30 minutes. A homogeneous viscous, liquid results. Add the clear solution slowly, with vigorous stirring, to 400 ml of water. Filter through a filter paper with suction or through a piece of cloth. Squeeze out as much water as possible, and dry by pressing between sheets of filter paper. Allow the material to dry in air. 

Cotton possesses the power of attracting a certain amount of tannic acid from solutions containing this body, and of retaining it even after washing. Cotton prepared in this manner may be dyed with most basic dyestuffs just as well as wool. In practice the cotton treated with tannic acid is further submitted to the action of tartar emetic or some other antimony compound. An insoluble salt of tannic acid and antimony oxide is formed, and... 

The iron lake of dinitrosoresorciu is green, and the latter produces green shades on cotton prepared with iron mordants. It has been used for some time in cotton-dyeing under the name h ast Green. ... 

Night Blue is obtained from paratolyl-a-haphthylamine (P-C7H7NHC10H7) and tetramethyldiamidobenzophenone. These dyestuffs come into commerce as hydrochlorides. They are beautiful blue dyestuffs, easily soluble, and dye cotton prepared with tannic acid similarly to methylene blue, but unfortunately the shades produced are not very fast to light. In general their reactions resemble those of the rosaniline dyestuffs. Alkalies precipitate a reddish-brown base, and acids turn the blue colour to yellow. 

The compound dyes on cotton prepared with tannic acid, and produces a somewhat dull violet-blue shade similar to indigo. The dyestuff is known commercially as East Blue, Naphthol Blue, and... 

Nile blue dyes on cotton prepared with tannic acid and tartar emetic, producing a greenish-blue shade of great beauty and purity, similar to methylene blue, but clearer. 

This dyestuff is obtained by the action of nitrosodimethylaniline chlorhydrate on the ditolylnaphthylenediamine obtained by heating a-dioxynaphthalene (M.P. 180°) with paratoluidine and parato-luidine hydrochloride. The dyestuff forms a brownish crystalline powder, soluble in water with a bluish-violet colour. It dissolves in concentrated sulphuric acid with a greenish-blue colour, which on dilution changes through green to violet, a bluish-violet precipitate being formed. Basle blue is a basic dyestuff and is best dyed on cotton prepared with tannic acid and tartar emetic. 

Fast Black.—The commercial product bearing this name is obtained by action of nitroso-dimethylaniline on meta-oxy-diphenylamine. It contains the groups characteristic both of the oxyindamines and the azines. It is a basic dyestuff, and is fixed on cotton prepared with sumac and acetate of iron. 

Cultivation of cotton (preparation of the land, seeding, fertilizer and pesticides, watering, harvesting, etc.)... 

Anon. (2001). Cotton preparation— A new enzymatic concept, Novozyme... 

Etters, J. N. (1999). Cotton preparation with alkaline pectlnase An environmental advance. Text. Chem. Colorists Am. Dyestuff Reporter, 1C3), 33-36. 

The process of cotton preparation comprises singeing, desizing, scouring, and bleaching and perhaps mercerizing. Synthetic substrate preparation typically... 

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