Antimicrobial bacteriostatic

Vinyzene . [Mmon bit L Morton Int l. NV SA] 10,10 -Oybisphenoxarsine soTn.s antimicrobial, bacteriostat fungistat fiv PVC, other plastics, rubber, pdylefins, PU, PS, CTE, hot-melt adhesives, film and she extruded po-files, dasiisols, molded goods, organosols, fabric coatings. 

Chem. Descrip. 5% 10,10-Oxybisphenoxarsine in butylbenzyl phthalate Uses Antimicrobial, bacteriostat, fungistat for PVC, PU, other plastics, syn. rubber for film and sheet, extmded profiles, plastisols, molded goods, organosols, fabric coatings... 

MORTON THIOKOL, INC. VINYZENE Antimicrobials Bacteriostatic and Fungistatic Additives for Plastic Compounds... 

Bacteriostatic water for injection is sterile and pyrogen-free and contains bacteriostatic agents. The dmg involved must be compatible with the antimicrobial agents present. 

Abbreviations of prominent use properties of the various classes of commercial surfactants are shown in Table 1. Antimicrobial activity includes germicidal, bactericidal, and bacteriostatic effects emolliency describes lubrication or a soft feel imparted to skin by surfactants a hair conditioner is a substantive surfactant appHed from aqueous solution to impart a lubricating or antistatic effect and opacifters are used to thicken hand-dishwashing products and cosmetic preparations to convey an appearance of high concentration and to retard solvent drainage from foam. 

Studies to elucidate the mode of bacteriostatic property of xanthostatin (XS), a novel depsipeptide antibiotic with an A/-acetylglydne side chain and selective antimicrobial activity against Xanthomonas spp., were carried ont by Kim and coworkers [80]. Two biotransformed XSs were isolated by the treatment of XS with the cell... 

Antimicrobials also can be classified as possessing bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity in vitro. Bactericidal antibiotics generally kill at least 99.9% (3 log reduction) of a bacterial population, whereas bacteriostatic antibiotics possess antimicrobial activity but reduce bacterial load by less than 3 logs. Clinically, bactericidal antibiotics may be necessary to achieve success in infections such as endocarditis or meningitis. A full discussion of the application of antimicrobial pharmacodynamics is beyond the scope of this chapter, but excellent sources of information are available.15... 

Antimicrobial drugs can be classified as bacteriostatic (for example, tetracyclines, sulfonamides) and as bactericidal (for example, penicillin). Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit bacterial growth, but do not destroy these organisms in clinically attainable concentrations. It should be expected that the MBC of such drugs will be significantly higher than the MIC. 

Sulfalene is also a very long-lasting bacteriostatic sulfanilamide with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. It is used for the same indications as sulfadoxine. Its half-life is about 150-200 h. This drug binds to proteins in the plasma to a lesser degree than other sulfanilamides, which ensures its high concentration in the blood in a free form. Therefore, only one dose of sulfalene needs to be taken one time per week. Synonyms of this drug are celfizin, sulfamethopyrazine, sulfamethoxypyrazine, and others. 

Pharmacology The tetracyclines are bacteriostatic. They exert their antimicrobial effect by inhibition of protein synthesis. Tetracyclines are active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. 

The demonsfrafion fhaf fhe bacteriostatic activity of lactoferrin can be independenf of fhe level of iron saturation (Arnold et ah, 1980) suggests that lactoferrin has ofher antimicrobial mechanisms. Lactoferrin has been... 

The tetracyclines are primarily bacteriostatic and are thought to exert their antimicrobial effect by the inhibition of protein synthesis. The tetracyclines, including doxycycline, have a similar... 

Antimicrobial sulpha drugs, e.g. sulphanilamide, are the amide of sulpha-nilic acid, and certain related substituted amides. Sulphanilamide, the first of the sulpha drugs, acts by inhibiting the bacterial enzyme that incorporates para-aminobenzoic acid into folic acid. Sulphanilamide is a bacteriostatic drug, i.e. inhibits the further growth of the bacteria. 

Nitrofurantoin is bacteriostatic and bactericidal for many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria but P aeruginosa and many strains of proteus are resistant. There is no cross-resistance between nitrofurantoin and other antimicrobial agents and resistance emerges slowly. As Escherichia coli resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones has become more common, nitrofurantoin has become an important alternative oral agent for treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. 

In addition, the solubility of many preservatives in a mostly aqueous system may not be high enough for effective antimicrobial activity. For example, the para-bens often require heating in order to be solubilized. Additionally, it is essential to understand that bacteriostatic agents can partition between organic and aqueous phases in such a way that their activity is significantly reduced. Methyl paraben... 

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