Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties

POLY(AMINO acids). Both anionic [e.g., poly(L-aspartic acid) and poly(glutamic acid)] and cationic [e.g., poly[L-lysine)] poly(amino acids) have been suggested as potential drug carriers. Poly(L-lysine) is a homopolymer cosisting of repeating units of L-lysine. It exhibits some affinity for cancer cells and possesses antimicrobial and antiviral properties. It also shows... 

Vlietinck, A. J., L. van Hoof, J. Totte, et al. Screening of hundred Rwandese medicinal plants for antimicrobial and antiviral properties. J Ethnopharmacol 1995 46(1) 31-47. 

Most flavonoids are potent antioxidant compounds. Several flavonoids possess anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic, antimmour, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Many traditional medicines and medicinal plants contain flavonoids... 

The bleomycins are a group of glycopeptides isolated from Streptomyces verticillus as copper complexes. They have attracted much attention because, in addition to having antimicrobial and antiviral properties, they are also important in the treatment of a number of tumours, including Hodgkin s disease. Some 200 bleomycins have now been identified, although the main component of the clinical drug is bleomycin Bleomycin requires a metal ion. The Fe complex is... 

Known better in traditional medical practices than in conventional research, guava has been associated particularly with broad antimicrobial and antiviral properties and is still under study in the laboratory to... 

Total flavan-3-ols Anticarcinogenic, cardiopreventive, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties [56, 57]... 

In recent studies, 4(3H)-Quinazolinone derivatives have been reported to possess both antimicrobial and antiallergic properties [25], In a cell culture study, 6-Bromo-2-phenyl-3-[(4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-ethylpyrimidin-2-yl]-4(3H)-quinazolinone exhibited antiviral activity against VACV in E6SM cell culture at a concentration of 1.92 pg/mL. 

In order to explain and confirm the biological activities claimed by the traditional medicine, and to search for new biologically active compounds we studied the antimicrobial, antioxidative, immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory, skin-regenerating and antiviral properties of Fraxinus ornus bark extract and its components. In a parallel detailed phytochemical investigation of the extract we isolated and determined the structures of many hydroxycoumarins, secoiridoid glucosides, caffeoyl esters of phenylethanoid glycosides, lignans and other phenolic compounds. 

The work presented in the preceding pages described the antimicrobial, antioxidative, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, skin regenerating, photodynamic damage prevention and antiviral properties of Fraxinus ornus bark extract and its constituents. 

After their utilization as plastic items, PHAs can not only be composted, but can also be easily depolymerized to a valuable source of optically pure R-(-)-configured bifunctional hydroxy acids which are of interest as synthons for chiral high-value chemicals such as vitamins, antibiotics, pheromones and aromatics (Ren et al. 2005). Some of these acids also exhibit important biological properties such as antimicrobial and antiviral activity (Ruth et al. 2007). 

The anthocyanin pigments of bilberries Vaccinium myrtillus have long been used to treat circulatory disorders and improve visual acuity [39]. There is experimental evidence that certain flavonoids and anthocyanins have anti-inflammatoiy properties. Orally administered anthocyanins are beneficial for treating ulcers and diabetes, and they may have antimicrobial and antiviral activities. The chemical evidence for these flavonoid properties is believed to be related to their antioxidant capacity, which is their ability to scavenge and trap free radicals that damage biomolecules [42]. 

Lichen secondary metabolites exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, cytotoxic, analgesic, antipyretic and antiviral properties (Table 1.1) and could be potential sources of pharmaceutically useful chemicals. Several examples are described below. 

A number of reports, both old and recent, describe antiviral, antimicrobial, an-tiparasitic, and antitumoral properties of a number of furoxan derivatives [7, 11, 12]. Since it is known that nitric oxide displays potent cytotoxic actions in the immune... 

The purpose of this review is to discuss recent developments related to the chemistry and medicinal properties of natural flavonoids. This review covers more recent reports (2005 to the present date) of antimicrobial activity of flavonoids (antibacterial and antifungal), as well as the antiviral activity of these compounds. 

Despite the variety of different sources, sequences and structures, all cationic antimicrobial peptides share some common features small size (12-50 amino acids), positive net charge (+2 to +9), amphiphilic (>30% hydrophobic amino acids) and antimicrobial and/or immunomodulatory activity. Some cationic antimicrobial peptides also show antiviral (14) and/or anticancer activity (15) as well as wound healing properties (16). More than 1000... 

We disclose a colorless composition comprising silver particles and water, wherein said particles comprise an interior of elemental silver and an exterior of ionic silver oxide, wherein the silver particles are present in the water at a level of about 5-40 ppm, and wherein the composition manifests significant antimicrobial properties including antiviral properties. Methods of use of the composition are described. 

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