Antihepatotoxicity

Free radicals might be involved in the incidences of various diseases such as arthritis, hemorrhagic shock, atherosclerosis, advancing age, ischemia and reperfusion injury of many organs, Alzheimer and Parkinson s disease, gastrointestinal dysfunctions, tumor promotion and carcinogenesis, AIDS, and other human health problems [85]. The oxidative proanthocyanidins as antioxidants could quench the free radicals and might help to enhance the action of other antioxidants such as vitamin C. 

Similarly, myricetin also could compete with ascorbic acid for ascorbate oxidase [86]. 

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Kapil A, Koul IB, Banerjee SK, Gupta BD. (1993) Antihepatotoxic effects of major diterpenoid constituents of Andrographis paniculata. Biochem Pharmacol 46 182-185. 

Antihepatotoxic activity. A mixture of the methanol-insoluble fraction of the dried resin, fresh garlic, curcumin, ellagic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene, and butylated hydroxyanisole, administered by gastric intubation to ducklings at a dose of 10 mg/ani-mal, was active vs aflatoxin Bl-induced hepatotoxicity " . ... 

Antihepatotoxic activity. Water extract of the dried stem (bagasse), administered in-traperitoneally to mice at a dose of 25 mg/ kg, was active vs CCl -induced hepato-toxicity ° . 

Antihepatotoxic actions of traditional Chinese medicines. 2. The pharmacological interaction of components of a dai-saiko to-employing complement-mediated cytotoxicity in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. Phytother Res 1990 4(1) 36-38. 

Hoffmann-Bohm, K. et al., Antihepatotoxic C-glycosylflavones from the leaves of Allophylus edulis var. edulis and gracilis. Plant. Med., 58, 544, 1992. 

Most flavonoids are potent antioxidant compounds. Several flavonoids possess anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic, antimmour, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Many traditional medicines and medicinal plants contain flavonoids... 

In order to prove the hypothesis obtained from HPLC profile analysis, antihepatotoxic effects of OGs obtained from Abri Herba were tested [30]. The tested OGs were representative ones, soyasaponin I (soyaspogenol B OG, 1) and kaikasaponin III (sophoradiol OG, 21). The antihepatotoxic activity was studied on liver injury induced by CC14 in primary cultured rat hepatocytes [31], Fig. (5). 

Soyasaponin I (1) inhibited the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, which was comparable to that of glycyrrhizin (positive control). On the other hand, Kaikasaponin HI (21) was more effective than 1. Compound 21 showed antihepatotoxic activity at less than 100p.g/ml. Furthermore, the highest activity was observed even at lower doses (50, 100pg/ml). Therefore, sophoradiol OGs were concluded to be the anti-hepatotoxic principle in both crude drugs (Abri Heba and Puerariae Flos). 

Quercia V, Pierini N, Incamato GP, Papetti P, Gambero P (1980) HPLC Evaluation of the Ratio Between the Antihepatotoxic Constituents of Silybum marianum. Fitoterapia 51 297... 

Intramolecular oxidative coupling of phenols (6, 516). A biomimetic synthesis of natural silybin (3), an interesting antihepatotoxic agent, involves oxidation of a mixture of optically active 1 and coniferyl alcohol (2) with AgO in a benzene-acetone mixture at 55°. This reaction affords a mixture of silybin (3) and isosilybin (4) in 78% yield. The products 3 and 4 are diastereomeric mixtures at C2 and Cs- relative to C2 and... 

Agarwal, R. et al.. Inhibitory effect of silymarin an antihepatotoxic flavonoids on TPA-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and mRNA in SENCAR mice. Carcinogenesis, 15, 1099, 1994. 

Concepcion-Navarro, M., Pilar-Montilla, M., Martin, A., Jimenez, J., Pilar-Utrilla, M. Free radical scavenger and antihepatotoxic activity of Rosmarinus tomentosus. Planta Med. 1993 59 312-314... 

Sharma, A., Singh, R.T., Sehgal, V., Handa, S.S. Antihepatotoxic activity of some plants used in herbal formulations. Fitoterapia. 1991 62 131-138... 

Hikino, H., Kiso, Y., Tagnchi, H., Dreya, Y. Antihepatotoxic actions of lignoids from Schizandra chinensis fruits. Planta Med. 1984 51 213-218... 

Intramolecular variants of this chemistry have also proved to be useful in the synthesis of complex ring systems. For example, anodic oxidation of phenol (XL) afforded oxaisotwistenone (XLI) in 79% yield in an approach to the antihepatotoxic agent silydia-nin [45] ... 

From different species of this genus triterpenoid saponins have been isolated, together with other compounds such as lignans, coumarins, flavonoids and polyacetylenes. The saikosaponins from Bupleurum L. are considered as the major bioactive components mainly used for their antiinflammatory and antihepatotoxic actmties. 

Some of these species are B. chinense, B. falcatum, B. gibraltaricum and B. kaoi, often used in combination with other plants as antihepatotoxic, antipyretic, analgesic, sedative, and antidepressive agents, in cases of menstrual complaints, uterine and anal prolapses, sudden loss of hearing and malaria [2-4]. 

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