Antidote use

Antidotes used time to autopsy, with marked loss documented from simple evaporation, thiocyanate formation, hydrolysis, and polymerization... 

Obidoxime is an antidote used to treat poisoning with insecticides of the organophosphate type (p. 102). Phosphorylation of acetylcholinesterase causes an irreversible inhibition of ace-Ltillmann, Color Atlas of Pharmacology 2000 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. 

Hydroxocobalpinin (Vitamin Bu) [Vitamin/Antidote] Uses Tx of cyanide poisoning Action Binds cyanide molecules to form cyanocobal-amin to facilitate excretion Dose Adults. 5 g IV once Feds. 70 mg/kg IV once Caution [C, ] Contra Hypersensitivity to hydroxocobalamin Disp Inj SE ... 

Mesna (Mesnex) [Uroprotectant/Antidote] Uses Prevent hem-orrhagic cystitis d/t ifosfamide or cyclophosphamide Action Antidote, reacts w/ acrolein and other metabolites to form stable compounds Dose Per protocol dose as % of ifosfamide or cyclophosphamide dose Oral 20% IV dose at 0, 4, 8 h (mix w/ juice) Caution [B /—] Contra Thiol sensitivity Disp Inj, tabs SE -i- BP, allergic Rxns, HA, GI upset, taste p v sion EMS Antidote for two antineoplastic drugs (ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide) OD May cause D, muscle tremors, SOB, bluish skin color, and Szs symptomatic and supportive... 

List two antidotes used to treat sarin gas poisoning. 

Can toxicity due to an overdose of heroin be treated The answer is yes, because understanding how the drug acts, by binding to specific receptors, allows treatment of poisoning to be carried out logically by using an antidote. The antidote used is normally naloxone. 

Alternative methods of treating eyanide intoxication are used in other countries. For example, the antidote used primarily in France is hydroxocobalamin (a form of vitamin B12), which combines with cyanide to form the harmless vitamin Bi2a cyanocobalamin (Rotenberg, 2003a Baskin... 

Worek, F., Reiter, G., Eyer, P., Szinicz, L. (2002). Reactivation kinetics of acetylcholinesterase from different species inhibited by highly toxic organophosphates. Arch. Toxicol. 76 523-9. Yang, G.Y., Yoon, J.H., Seong, C.M., Park, N.S., Jung, Y.S. (2003). Synthesis of bis-pyridinium oxime antidotes using... 

Betten DP,Vohra RB, CookMD, et al. Antidote use in the critically ill poisoned patient J Intensive Care Med. 2006 21 255-277... 

Kuca, K. et al. Strategy for the development of new acetylcholinesterase reactivators—antidotes used for treatment of nerve agent poisonings, Biomed. Pap. Med. Fac. Univ. Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub., 149, 429, 2005. 

Antidotes Used Clinically in the Treatment of Human Acute Cyanide Poisoning... 

Antidotes Used in HazMat/Chemical Weapons Medical Care... 

Animal studies that have employed prophylactic protocols, for antidotes that would not be used as prophylaxes should be extrapolated to post-poisoning treatment cautiously. Likewise, those studies involving antidotes used on pyridostigmine-pretreated animals should be extrapolated to non-pretreated human populations with caution. 

Table 9. Cyanide antidotes used clinically and developed experimentally...

The antidotes used in the United States, sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate, are quite effective if given before cessation of cardiac activity. 

The first in-human experience with an RNA aptamer and its complementary oligonucleotide antidote used as an anticoagulant system have been described (Dyke et al., 2006). This anticoagulation system (REGl Regado Biosciences)... 

The pharmacology of the organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors has many facets. Much has been discovered concerning their mode of action and the therapeutic measures to be adopted in the event of intoxication by these compounds. Accepting the specificity of the antidotes used in these therapies, laboratory studies with them may indicate the principal locus of the toxic effects of the organophosphates. Because of the multiplicity of the biological effects of the organophosphorus pesticides, whether these effects... 

Alternative methods of treating cyanide intoxication are used in other countries. For example, the antidote used primarily in France is hydroxocobalamin (a form of vitamin B12), which combines with cyanide to form the harmless vitamin Bi2a cyanocobalamin (Baskin and Brewer, 1997 Rotenberg, 2003a). In France, this medication is used for children at a dose of 70 mg/kg. A study of 41 French children with fire smoke inhalation showed a prehospital mortality rate of 4% for those given hydroxocobalamin and not found in cardiac arrest (Geller et al., 2006). The authors of the study noted that for those children found in cardiac arrest by paramedics, administration of hydroxocobalmin did not prevent mortality. 

Chloride [61-73-4]. Methylthioninium chloride, INN Ci HigClNjS M 319.857 Bacteriological stain, redox indicator, antiseptic. Antimethaemoglobinaemic, cyanide antidote. Used as 0.05% aq. soln. for extraction-photometric detn. of many elements as anionic complexes, e.g. B (as BF4 , Amax 665 nm, s 82000, 1,2-dichloroethane), Sb, Ga, In, Au, Pd, Os, Ta, Tl(///), Ge, P(F), Si(/K), SCN , CIO4 . Dark bronze-green cryst. with bronze lustre -I- ca. 3H2O (HCl aq.). Sol. H2O, EtOH. Blue soln. in H2O, 668, 609 nm. Bleached reversibly by Zn/HCl or Na2S204. A mixt. with Lauth s violet, L-00003 is sometimes mistakenly referred to as Azure II. 

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