Antibodies granulocytes

B lymphocytes (production of antibodies) Granulocytes T lymphocytes and T suppressive cells Macrophages... 

Type I allergic reactions are inappropriate immune responses to an allergen with preferential synthesis of immunoglobulin E (IgE), a special antibody class, which binds to mast cells and basophilic granulocytes via Fee receptors. Binding of the allergen to the cell-bound IgE initiates the rapid release of allergic mediators, most prominently histamine, and the de novo synthesis of arachidonic acid metabolites and cytokines, which are responsible for the clinical symptoms. 

Laboratory findings include leukocytosis with predominance of mature and immature granulocytes in 50% to 75% of patients. Because L. pneumophila stains poorly with commonly used stains, routine microscopic examination of sputum is of little diagnostic value. Fluorescent antibody testing can be performed to diagnose Legionnaires disease. 

Shirai, K. et al., A monoclonal antibody, DL 10, which recognizes a sugar moeity of MHC class I antigens expressed on NK cells, NK+ T cells, and granulocytes in humans, J. Clin. Immunol., 17, 510, 1997. 

Nassberger, L. et al., Antibodies to neutrophil granulocyte myeloperoxidase and elastase Autoimmune responses in glomerulonephritis due to hydralazine treatment, J. Intern. Med., 229, 261, 1991. 

Type III reactions are the result of antigen-antibody (IgG or IgM) complexes that accumulate in tissues or the circulation, activate macrophages and the complement system, and trigger the influx of granulocytes and lymphocytes (inflammation). Examples include an Arthrus reaction when soluble antigen is injected into the skin of a sensitized individual and serum sickness, which occurs 7 to 10 days following the administration... 

Fc receptors present on the cell membrane of macrophages, monocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and some other cells may, in theory, non-specifically bind Fc portion of antibodies used for immunolabeling. Typically, blocking endogenous Fc receptors involves using normal serum derived from the same species used to produce the secondary antibody. To block endogenous Fc receptors, incubate sections for 15 30 min with normal serum (2 5% v/v) from the host species of the secondary antibody. 

Fc receptors are present on the cell membrane of macrophages, monocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes and some other cells. They may, in theory, nonspecifically bind Fc portion of antibodies used for immunolabeling. 

Hearts obtained at autopsy in consecutive AIDS cases (PI), leukocytic phenotype, and presence of viral antigens were investigated in paraffin-embedded and frozen myocardial sections by different monoclonal antibodies. The total frequency of local lymphocytic infiltrates with and without myocell necrosis was 26 and 32%, respectively. In control cases (HIV negative), these infiltrates are absent. In AIDS patients, the number of infiltrative foci per section, their wall distribution (subendocardial, middle layer, subepicardial), number of leukocytes per focus, and cell phenotype (prevalence of CD8 +, absence of B cells and granulocytes) were similar in cases with and without myocell necrosis. 

NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, and a small population of granulocytes. Currently, alemtuzumab is approved for the treatment of -cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in patients who have been treated with alkylating agents and have failed fludarabine therapy. Alemtuzumab appears to deplete leukemic and normal cells by direct antibody-dependent lysis. Patients receiving this antibody become lymphopenic and may also become neutropenic, anemic, and thrombocytopenic. As a result patients should be closely monitored for opportunistic infections and hematologic toxicity. 

The white blood cells or leukocytes are nearly a thousandfold less numerous than red cells. About 7 x 106 cells are present per ml of blood. There are three types of leukocytes lymphocytes (-26% of the total), monocytes (-7% of the total), and polymorphonuclear leukocytes or granulocytes (-70% of the total). Lymphocytes are about the same size as erythrocytes and are made in lymphatic tissue. Individual lymphocytes may survive for as long as ten years. They function in antibody formation and are responsible for maintenance of long-term immunity. 

Akamizu T, Ozaki S, Hiratani H, Uesugi H, Sobajima J, Hataya Y, Kanamoto N, Saijo M, Hattori Y, Moriyama K, Ohmori K, Nakao K. Drug-induced neutropenia associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) possible involvement of complement in granulocyte cytotoxicity. Clin Exp Immunol 2002 127(l) 92-8. 

---