Diet, high-cholesterol

Cholesterol A sterol found in animal tissue, synthesized in the body, and consumed in the diet. High cholesterol increases coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. 

Increased CCL2 has been detected in macrophage-rich human atherosclerotic lesions (26) and in the blood of patients with acute coronary syndrome (implying an unstable plaque) (27,28). It is found in the arteries of primates on a high-cholesterol diet (29) and is upregulated in vascular endothelial cells and... 

Monounsaturated fats in avocados have been shown to reduce blood cholesterol while preserving the level of high-density lipoproteins (Yahia 2009b). An avocado-enriched diet produced a significant reduction in LDL and total cholesterol in patients with high cholesterol levels, whereas diets enriched with soy and sunflower did not change the total cholesterol concentrations (Carranza and others 1997). 

Diets high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (from fish oil), most commonly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), reduce cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL and may elevate HDL cholesterol. 

Levin-AUerhand, J.A., Lominska, C.E., Smith, J.D. (2002) Increased amyloid-beta levels in APPSWE transgenic mice treated chronically with a physiological high-fat high-cholesterol diet. J. Nutr. Health Aging, 6, 315-319. 

CN136 Alexaki, A., T. A. Wilson, M. T. Atallah, G. Handelman, and R. J. Nicolosi. Hamsters fed diets high in saturated fat have increased cholesterol accumulation and cytokine production in the aortic arch compared with cholesterol-fed hamsters with moderately elevated plasma non-HDL cholesterol concentrations. J Nutr 2004 134(2) 410-415. 

Gallbladder effect. Seed oil, administered orally to 11 young normocholesterolemic males at a dose of 100 g/day, was active. The subjects received 3 weeks of a low-fat diet followed by 3 weeks of a diet enriched with 100 g/daily of olive oil. Mean total cholesterol, total apolipoprotein (apo) B, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides decreased significantly after the olive oil diet. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, apo A-1, cholesterol saturation of bile, and gallbladder volumes were unchanged . 

OE150 Bulur, H., G. Ozdemirler, B. Oz, G. Toker, M. Ozturk, and M. Uysal. High cholesterol diet supplemented with sunflower seed oil but not olive oil stimulates lipid peroxidation in plasma, liver, and aorta of rats. J Nurt Biochem 1999 6(10) 547-550. 

Anti-artberosclerotic effect. Husks, administered to African green monkeys at a concentration of 10% of diet, were active. The monkeys were fed a high cholesterol... 

Antihypocholesterolemic activity. CHClJ MeOH (9 1) extract of the husks, administered orally to nine patients with primary hypercholesterolemia at a dose of 10.2 g/ day, produced a decrease in total cholesterol and LDL levels ". Husks, administered in the ration of African green monkeys at a concentration of 10% of diet, were active. Plasma cholesterol concentrations were reduced by decreasing LDL synthesis ". Monkeys fed the high-cholesterol diet showed a 39% decrease in serum chol-esterol ". Dried husks fiber, administered orally to adults of both sexes at doses of 13.7% of diet, was active """. 

A 65-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension presents with a question about a dietary supplement. He is in good health, exercises regularly, and eats a low-fat, low-salt diet. 

LeHoux and Grondin (1993) investigated the effects of chitosan on plasma and liver cholesterol levels, liver weight, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in rats fed on a sterol diet (1% cholesterol and 0.2% cholic acid). Chitosan at a level of 5% lowered plasma and liver cholesterol levels by 54% and 64%, respectively. High MW chitosan (>750 kDa) had less hypocholesterolemic potential than that of 70 kDa. 

McCombs RJ, Marcadis DE, Ellis J, Weinberg RB. Attenuated hypercholesterolemic response to a high-cholesterol diet in subjects heterozygous for the apolipoprotein A-IV-2 allele. N Engl J Med. 1994, 331 706-710. 

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