Anti-Static Agent Use

Proprietary lubricant, anti-static agent Used primarily as an anti-static agent for polyethylene and polypropylene compoxmds. 

Cationic surfactants are used widely as fabric softeners, anti-static agents, antiseptic components and as the main ingredients in rinse conditioner products. However, there is little data on their occurrence in wastewater and removal during wastewater treatment. The concentrations of some cationic surfactants and their biodegradation intermediates, found in WWTP influents and effluents, are listed in Table 6.1.3. 

A moderately durable anti-static agent, cationic in nature and completely soluble in water for application purposes. With moderate to fairly high drying temperatures, this leaves the residue as a durable antistatic material remaining. This material, of course, is useful on synthetic fibers in general and will not impair the tensile strength of the fabric. 

In addition to the straightforward application of conductors and semi-conductors, there are some interesting examples of other uses. Polymers derived from 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene are produced commercially as anti-static agents and substituted compounds have found particular application in electrochromic devices - substances that change colour on application of an electric current. 

Anionics are the largest class of surfactants in terms of volume, and include the work-horse surfactants, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), alcohol sulfate (AS) and alcohol ether (or ethoxy) sulfate (AES). Cationic surfactants generally include various quaternary salts, used predominantly as fabric conditioners ( fabric softeners ), anti-static agents and anti-microbial agents. Amphoteric surfactants represent the smallest class of surfactants, and generally are used when solubility, mildness and compatibility issues are important. 

A main line of development now is multi-functional additives, such as reinforcing fillers talc is added to polypropylene to improve stiffness and heat stability, pigments can aid in UV protection, plasticizers also function as lubricants and anti-static agents. A potentially fertile field is that of synergism between components, where better performance in vital properties such as weathering and flammability can be achieved by using lower concentrations of synergistic additives. 

Carbon black Filler used as pigment and anti-static agent, or as an aid in cross-linking electrically conductive... 

Non-ionic anti-static agents are the most important group, comprising ethoxylated alkylamines or amides, fatty acid esters, and esters or ethers of polyols. Glycerol monostearate (GMS) and ethyloxylated amines (EA) make up more than 50% of the total classical anti-statics market. They are mainly used in polyolefins and styrenics. There is a further class of non-ionics based on amides that overcomes the corrosiveness of EA, which can harm packaged goods. 

Slip can be described as the ability of a film to slide over itself or another film. It is one of the factors which helps describe how easily films can separate (or bags can be opened). The use of slip additives may affect the performance of other agents (such as anti-static agents). The presence of fillers and pigments may also affect the performance of the slip additive. 

Slip agents can be used to decrease the frictional properties of the plastic materials. Anti-static agents may be used to dissipate electrostatic charge buildup [22]. 

Table 2 Surfactants used as anti-static agents...

The addition of water-insoluble aliphatic alcohols or ethylene-oxide condensation products to polyethylene were in US. Patent 2,525,691, issued on October 10, 1950, to ICI scientists. Examples of alcohols used as antistatic agents were a saturated aliphatic alcohol(s) such as myristic, cetyl and stearyl alcohol in combination with an xmsaturated alcohol such as oleyl alcohol. The second type of anti-static agent was obtained from the interaction of ethylene oxide with a mixture of a saturated and an unsaturated alcohol. 

Uses O/w and fragrance emulsifier and solublizer for shampoos, conditioners, and bath prods. o/w emulsifier, viscosity modifier, and wetting agent in household specialties lubricant and emulsifier in synthetic fiber finish oil fomiulations antifog in PVC anti-static agent in polyolefins Features Mild foaming anti-irritant... 

Some additives used as anti-wear agents can also have anti-corrosion properties such as TCP, sebacic acid and azelaic acid. However, corrosion inhibition is a fine balance of competition with the anti-wear/load-carrying capability of the lubricant. Like the anti-wear additive, the corrosion inhibitor is designed to react with the metal surface. Some corrosion inhibitors specifically aimed at preventing static water corrosion of ferrous metals compete with the anti-wear additive for the metal surface to the extent that the resulting lubricant has poorer anti-wear properties than non-corrosion-inhibited lubricants. 

The monograph states that the nature and amount of additive used will depend on the type of polymer, the process used to convert it into a container and the intended purpose of the container. Approved additives include antioxidants, stabilisers, plasticisers, lubricants, colour and impact modifiers. Anti-static and mould release agents can be used only for containers for oral and external preparations. Specific permitted additives are given in the specification for the material within the pharmacopoeial monograph. 

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