Anti-knock compounds

The various additives used to obtain the required properties include anti-knock compounds, anti-oxidants, metal deactivalors, anti-icing additives, etc. 

ETHYL FLUID see MOTOR FUEL ANTI-KNOCK COMPOUND ... 

So-called green petrol is a preferred alternative to leaded petrol it contains about 3 per cent of the aromatic hydrocarbon benzene (C6H6, IV) as an additive, the benzene acting as a lead-free alternative to PbEt4 as an anti-knocking compound. 

Up to this point only the elimination of lead anti-knock compounds has been considered. Legislation on the volatility, olefin content, or aromatic content of gasoline could also have a significant effect on the future of alkylation and isomerization. It is impossible to predict what legislation, if any, will be passed to regulate the properties of gasoline, but the directional effects of such legislation can be indicated ... 

Motor Fuel Anti-knock Compound MPOD... 

MOTORBENZOL (71-43-2) see benzene. MOTOR FUEL ANTI-KNOCK COMPOUND (75-74-1) see tetramethyl lead. 

MOTOR FUEL ANTI-KNOCK COMPOUND (75-74-1) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 100°F/38°C). Decomposes in water to form trimethyl saltdiethyl salt— inorganic lead salt. Violent reaction with oxidizers, sulfuryl chloride, potassium permanganate, tetrachlorotrifluoromethylphosphorane. Decomposes in sunlight and in elevated... 

MOTOR FUEL ANTI-KNOCK COMPOUND (78-00-2) Combustible liquid (flash point 200°F/93°C also listed at 176°F/80°C). Decomposes in sunlight and elevated temperatures above 230 F/110°C, forming triethyl lead explodes above 608°F/320°C. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, concentrated acids. Corrodes rubber. Attacks some plastics and... 

OTHER COMMENTS used in water disinfection used in bleaching fibers and silk used in the manufacture of medicinal bromine compounds and manufacture of anti-knock compounds, such as ethylene bromide, for gasoline chemical intermediate for ethyl bromide, methyl bromide, ethylene dibromide, and other bromine compounds intermediate in manufacture of sedatives, anesthetics, antispasmodic agents, refrigerating and dehumidifying agents use as a fire-retardant for plastics. 

OTHER COMMENTS used in the manufacture of carbon tetrachloride, metallic chlorides, chloroacetic acid, chlorobenzene, and chloroform used in the manufacture of plastics, anti-freeze, refrigerants, and anti-knock compounds major use is in the purification of water. 

CAS/DOT IDENTIFICATION 75-74-1/UN1649 (motor fuel antiknock mixture). SYNONYMS lead tetramethyl, motor fuel anti-knock compound, tetramethylplumbane,... 

Antiknock compound, mixture Motor fuel anti-knock compounds Motor fuel antiknock mixture, 3, 6.1... 

Sodium alloyed to lead to make it more brittle and, therefore, more able to be crushed and powdered. Sodium-lead alloys are used extensively to supply the lead in the manufacture of anti-knock compounds. 

Over the past 30 years, many lead-based products have disappeared from use or the use has been greatly diminished. These products include lead-based paints, lead-based anti-knock compounds for automobiles, lead glazes for pottery, lead sealants for wine battles, solder for sealing the seams of steel cans, automobile body solder, solders for potable water systems, solder for sealing copper radiators, chemical tank linings, lead pipes, lead-based metal bearings, lead sealants such as for drain pipes, power and electrical cable sheathing, and ammunition. 

Biological catalysts are known as enzymes (Chapter 23 on the accompanying website) and consist of proteins, often associated with metal ions. A substance that decreases the rate of a reaction is called an inhibitor. An example of an inhibitor is the anti-knock compound, tetraethyl lead(iv), which was used to prevent pre-ignition in leaded petrol vapour but has now been banned in practically all countries (Chapter 10). There are many specific and general inhibitors known for enzymes many nerve gases and poisons, for example cyanides, operate as enzyme inhibitors, often by interacting with the active site of the enzyme (Figure 6.13). 

TETRAETHVL LEAD (AS P6) Pb(C,llj, TEL, Lead tetraethyl. Motor fuel anti knock compound Strong oxidizers, sulfuryl chloride, potassium per manganate 200 7 ... 

TETRAMETHYL LEAD (AS PB) Pb(CHj, TML. Lead tetra-methyl. Motor fuel anti knock compound Strong oxidizers, such as sulfuryl chloride or potassium per-manganatf 100 a... 

Lee, J. A., Lead Pollution from a Factory Manufacturing Anti-Knock Compounds, Nature 238 [1972] 165/6. 

Anti-icing additive Anti-knock compound... 

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