Anti-inflammatory drugs ocular

Jaanus, S. (1984). Anti-inflammatory drugs. In Clinical Ocular Pharmacology (eds. J. Bartlett and S. Jaanus) pp. 153-192, Butterworth, Boston. 

Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decrease pain from corneal abrasion. Available ocular NSAIDs are diclofenac 0.1%, ketorolac 0.5%, nepafenac... 

Figure 7-1 Sensitization of nociceptors by prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators to produce pain and inflammation in ocular tissues. Clinically useful analgesics act either in peripheral tissues by inhibiting prostaglandin production or centrally by interrupting the pain signal and its emotional consequences. (CNS = central nervous system NSAlDs = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs PGE2 = prostaglandin E2.)...

Note OADRs = ocular adverse drug reactions CV = color vision VF = visual field VL = vision loss NFL = nerve fiber layer lOP = intraocular pressure NSAIDs = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs TBUT = tear break-up time CL = contact lens IH = intracranial hypertension RD = retinal detachment NAION = nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. 

Leopold IH, Gaster RU. Ocular inflammation and anti-inflammatory drugs. In Kaufmann HE, Barron BA, McDonald MB, Waltman SR, eds. The Cornea. New York Church Livingstone, 1987 70. 

Diclofenac is an anti-inflammatory drug that is available as a sodium salt (sustained acting) or potassium salt (rapid acting). The potassium salt is used in the therapy of dysmenorrhea. Diclofenac sodium is used in the therapy of inflammatory conditions such as osteoarthritis, and is available as an ocular formulation for postsurgical cataract removal. 

Terzano et al developed Polysorbate 20 niosomes containing beclomethasone dipropionate for pulmonary delivery to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Singh et prepared niosomes containing the anti-inflammatory drug nimesulide and tested its physico-chemical properties including stability and in vitro release. It was shown that in vitro sustained drug release can be achieved with this approach. The research literature for niosomes in ocular drug delivery has been reviewed by Kaur et al." ... 

IL-12p40, IL-lb, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, and MIP-la. Acting as an anti-inflammatory agent in monocytes in vitro, besifloxacin may enhance its drug efficacy in inflammatory ocular infections. Further investigations are required to substantiate this finding. 

In summary, topical NSAIDs currently have application for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects in a variety of ocular inflammatory conditions (Table 12-6). These versatile drugs may be used prophy-lactically before cataract and other refractive surgical procedures. In addition, suppression of inflammation... 

Observational studies The short-term and long-term safety of topical bevacizumab 5 mg/ml for progressive corneal neovascularization secondary to a variety of corneal diseases and not responding to conventional anti-inflammatory treatment have been evaluated in 30 eyes of 27 patients Five patients (five eyes) developed new corneal epithelial defects. The authors warned against using bevacizumab in patients with epithelial defects and neurotrophic keratopathy. There were no allergic reactions, ocular drug-related complaints, or systemic adverse reactions. 

Agata, M.,Abe, T and Kon, M.,19. Effect of topical diclofenac sodium, a non steroidal anti-inflamatory drug onvarious ocular inflammatory models in animals. Acta. Soc. Ophthalmol. Jap. 87 19. 

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