Diclofenac, sodium

Zupancic Bozic D, Vrecar F, Kozjek F. Optimization of diclofenac sodium dissolution from sustained release formulations using an artificial neural network. Eur... 

In one application, Raman spectroscopy was used to identify and quantitate various drugs present in polymer matrices [21]. In Fig. 2, Raman spectra obtained within the fingerprint region for diclofenac, sodium alginate, and a 20% dispersion of diclofenac in sodium alginate are shown. It is evident in the spectra... 

Fig. 2 Raman spectra obtained for (A) diclofenac sodium, (B) sodium alginate, and (C) a 20% dispersion of diclofenac sodium in sodium alginate. (Data adapted from Ref. 21.)...

Trace amounts of bromine in sodium diclofenac, sodium (2-[(2, 6-dichlorophenyl)amino] phenyl acetate, have been determined using XRF [82], since the drug substance should not contain more than 100 ppm of organic bromine remaining after the completion of the chemical synthesis. Pellets containing the analyte were compressed over a boric acid support, which yielded stable samples for analysis, and selected XRF spectra obtained in this study are shown in Fig. 7.19. It was found that samples from the Far East contained over 4000 ppm of organic bromine, various samples from Europe contained about 500 ppm, while samples from an Italian source contained less than 10 ppm of organic bromine. 

It is a well-known fact that a pharmaceutical substance can be prepared by adopting different routes of synthesis based upon the dynamic ongoing research in the field of organic-reaction-mechanisms. Relentless efforts are exerted vigorously by reputed research laboratories across the world to look for shorter routes of synthesis bearing in mind the cost-effectiveness of the final product. For instance diclofenac sodium (an NSAID) can be manufactured by two methods, one using a bromo compound as a starting material while the other is based on a non-bromo compound. Nevertheless, the latter product is more in demand because it is completely devoid of bromine residues in the final product. 

All chemicals were used as received. PDADMAC and PAMPS were obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, WI). Diclofenac sodium, sodium sulfathiazole, labetalol HCl, propranolol HCl, verapamil HCl, and diltiazem HCl were purchased from Sigma Chemical (St. Louis, MO). Dextrose USP was obtained from Amend Co. (Irvinton, NJ). Water was distilled and deionized using a Nanopure purihcation system (Fischer Scientihc, Fair Lawn, NJ). Simulated intestinal fluid was prepared using a O.OIM phosphate buffer (sodium phosphate monobasic and potassium phosphate dibasic) at pH 7 and 5.5 with different amounts of NaCl to vary the ionic strength. Simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.5) was prepared with concentrated HCl with different amounts of NaCl to vary the ionic strength. 

Schneeweis, A., and Mueller-Goymann, C.C., In vivo and in vitro diclofenac sodium evaluation after rectal application of soft gelatine capsules enabling application induced transformation (AIT) into a semisolid system of liquid crystals (SSLC) for controlled release, Pharm. Res., 14 1726-1729 (1997). 

Q15 The amount of diclofenac that is being administered per tablet of Voltarol tablets containing 25 mg diclofenac sodium is (Diclofenac sodium has a molecular formula of C 4H,QCl2N02.Na relative atomic mass of carbon = 12.01 hydrogen = 1.008 chlorine = 35.45 nitrogen = 14.01 sodium = 22.99 and oxygen = 16.00.)... 

Barnes CG, Berry H, Carter ME, et al. Diclofenac sodium (Volarol ) and indomethacin a multicentre comparative study in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Rheumatol and Rehabil 1979 Supplement 2 1354 6. 

Tablets 50 mg diclofenac sodium/200 meg misoprostol and 75 Arthrotec mg diclofenac sodium/200 meg misoprostol Rx) (Searle)... 

Pharmacoiogy This product is a combination containing diclofenac sodium, an... 

Lactation Diclofenac sodium is found in the milk of breastfeeding mothers. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, this product is not recommended for breastfeeding mothers. 

Osteoarthritis - 100 to 150 mg/day in divided doses (50 mg twice/day or 3 times/day [diclofenac sodium or potassium] or 75 mg twice/day [diclofenac sodium]). Dosages greater than 200 mg/day have not been studied. 

Diclofenac sodium, famotidine and ketorolac were analysed utilising their formation of a coloured charge transfer complex with 2,4 dichloro-6-nitrophenol. The complexes were detected by UV/visible spectrophotometry at 450 nm. The method was not affected by the presence of common excipients in the formulations analysed. The precision and accuracy of the method was comparable to that of HPLC methods used to analyse the same samples. ... 

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