Anogenital

Virus-associated benign tumors Anogenital warts... 

Atungal superintedion commonly occurs in the mouth, vagina, and anogenital areas. The nurse teaches the patient to report any ot the following ... 

Cidofovir (Fig. 2) has been formally approved for the treatment of CMV retinitis in AIDS patients, where it is administered intravenously at a dose not exceeding 5 mg/kg once weekly during the first two weeks (and every other week thereafter). Cidofovir is also used off label for the treatment of human papilloma virus (HPV) infections (i.e., cutaneous warts, anogenital warts, laryngeal and pharyngeal papilloma), polyomavirus [i.e., progressive (i.e., multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)], adenovirus, herpesvirus, and poxvirus (i.e., molluscum contagiosum) infections, where it can be administered intravenously (at a dose of < 5 mg/kg once weekly or every other week) or topically as a 1% gel or cream (De Clercq and Holy 2005). Especially in immunosuppressed patients (i.e., transplant recipients), local treatment of HPV-associated lesions has often yielded spectacular results (Bonatti etal.2007). 

Brouette-Lahlou I., Vemet Maury E. Godinot F., et al. (1992). Vomeronasal organ sustains anogenital licking in primiparous rats. In Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 6 (Doty R.L. and Miiller-Schwarze D., eds.). Plenum, New York, pp. 551-555. 

Deodorants are also targeted to the skin surface to keep microbial growth in check. They slow or prevent rancidification of the secretions of apocrine glands found in and around the axillae (armpits) and the anogenital regions. Medicated soaps also belong in this family. 

Rat (Sprague-Oawley) Gd 5-21 PNd 21-85 ad lib (W) 42 126 M (reduced birth weight, crown-to-rump length, and anogenital distance) 377 (28% rate of stillbirth compared to 4% in controls) Ronis et al. 1998b, 1998c PbAc... 

Hayes, R.A., Morelli, T.L. and Wright, RC. (2004) Anogenital gland secretions of Lemur catta and Propithecus verreauxi coquereli A preliminary chemical examination. Am. J. Primatol. 63, 49-62. 

Ll. Lorinez, A. T., Reid, R., Jenson, A. B., Green, M. D., Lancaster, W., and Kurman, R. J., Human papillomavirus infection of the cervix Relative risk associations of 15 common anogenital types. Obstet. Gynecol. 79, 328-337 (1992). 

Flumans possess glands that produce potential pheromones, known as scent or apocrine glands. They are associated with hair follicles primarily in the underarm or the anogenital regions (pubic hair) and on the skin of the abdomen. The role of the hair in these locations may be to facilitate release of the pheromone into the atmosphere. 

Swan SH, Main KM, Liu F, Stewart SL, Kruse RL, Calafat AM, Mao CS, Redmon JB, Temand CL, Sullivan S, Teague JL (2005) Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure. Environ Health Perspect 113 1056-1061... 

Marsee K, Woodruff TJ, Axelrad DA, Calafat AM, Swan SH (2006) Estimated daily phthalate exposure in a population in mothers of male infant exhibiting reduced anogenital distance. Environ Health Perspect 114 805-809... 

Anogenital warts (condylomata acuminata) are caused by the human papillomavirus and are usually sexually transmitted. The average incubation period is 2-3 months. During pregnancy, the warts may become more widespread, favouring an even more rapid growth. Spontaneous resolution may occur. However, they tend to recur in some patients. 

Imiquimod cream is used for the treatment of external anogenital warts, where it may be used for both keratinised and non-keratinised lesions. It is also used in superficial basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis. Side-effects include local reactions such as itching, burning sensation, erythema, erosion, oedema, excoriation and stabbing and, less commonly, local ulceration. Patients should be advised to rub it in and to allow it to stay on the treated area for 6-10 hours for warts. The cream should then be washed off with mild soap and water. 

F erkin and Johnston (1995 a) aged anogenital area scent and odor from the posterolateral region in meadow voles Micmtuspennsylvanicus) for 15 minutes to 30 days. Males preferred female to male anogenital odor if it was 10 days old or less. Females preferred male to female anogenital odor if its age was 25 days or less. Both sexes preferred posterolateral odor of males to that of females if it was up to 1 day of age. In a second experiment, both sexes preferred fresh odors from either source over the same scents that were older. In conclusion, information about sex may get lost with the age of the scent mark. 

In primates, lemurs distinguish and remember individual odors. In L.ful-ves the anogenital scent mark of an evicted individual was still recognized (i.e., scent-marked) 10 months after the eviction (Fornasieri and Roeder, 1992). 

The mother s responses to her offspring s odors may have far-reaching consequences for the young later in life. For instance, if a male rat pup is perfumed on his anogenital area, the mother will lick his anogenital area less. Such males... 

Male meadow voles, M.pennsylvanicus, respond strongly to the anogenital area odor of females only immediately after parturition and for 2 days afterwards, the time of postpartum estrus (Ferkin and Johnston, 1995b). Females, by comparison, responded to male odor throughout their pregnancy and lactation (Ferkin and Johnston, 1995b). 

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