Annualised cost

Site Electricity Site Costs Site Annualised Cost... 

The economic analysis of Fair Isle s power system also showed interesting results. Despite the fact that the wind turbines capital costs comprise 82% of system s total capital cost, the annualised costs for the diesel generator constitute 51% of the total annualised cost for the existing wind-diesel system. This is attributed mainly to the high cost of diesel fuel and partly to relatively high diesel generator s annualised replacement costs. 

It should be noted that the techno-economic analysis performed with HOMER software showed that the wind turbines installed on this island have been overdimensioned and this is the reason for the relatively high annualised cost attributed to wind energy for this system. On the other hand, this is a feature of Fair Isle s power system that most probably makes the introduction of hydrogen energy technologies economically viable. 

As derived from the analysis presented in this table, the most significant total annualised cost factor comes from the fuel cell, which accounts for 48% of the total cost of Fair Isle s wind-hydrogen autonomous power, followed by wind turbines, which contribute approximately 36% of total annualised costs. Due to lack of seasonal storage for hydrogen in this system, the electrolyser and hydrogen storage tank are relatively small and therefore are considered as minor cost factors for this system. 

As can be seen from this table, the major cost factor for such a system is attributed to the operation of the diesel generator, therefore diesel fuel consumption accounts for approximately 74% of total annualised costs. 

With respect to the economic analysis of the PV-diesel hybrid system of Rambla del Agua, it was proved that the most important cost factor (in terms of total annualised costs) was the diesel generator, mostly due to high annual diesel fuel costs, accounting for 81% of the total system s annualised costs. The photovoltaic... 

The distribution of total annualised costs for the envisaged PV-hydrogen system of Rambla del Agua (using current costs of hydrogen technologies) is presented in Table 5.18. As can be seen from this table, a major cost factor for the proposed system is the photovoltaic array (approximately 59% of total annualised costs), followed by the fuel cell (only 13 % of total annualised costs). 

Benzene removal levels of 99.9%, see Figure 6, have been achieved with an annualised cost of about 10% of conventional off-site disposal. In addition the recovered aluminium trichloride can be sold as product improving the economics even further. 

For each plant specify the separation system and estimate its annualised cost. Additional hierarchical refinement reveals seven sub-levels. 

The capital and operating costs associated with water treatment to correct for low pH in areas where Cu and Pb solvency from piping systems is considered a potential problem (this has not yet been shown to be firmly linked to acid precipitation) are relatively small - annualised costs are less than 20 million per annum. 

Coal fired boilers in the 5-25 MW range cost around 5125-175/kW, i.e. about S2.5 million for a 20 MW FBC boiler. The annualised cost can be computed as approximately 0.2 million, assuming a 25 year life time and interest. Additional operating costs for disposing of calcium sulphate would amount to around 1 25 million/year. 

In Table 11.3(d) overleaf we summarise the approximate annualised cost (1982 prices) of reducing sulphur emissions over the 1980-2000 period, in relation to the sulphur emission reductions achieved. 

Action Annualised Cost X 10 /year SO2 Emission Decrease on Total EEC 2000 levels ... 

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