Animal Components

Today, many media suppliers offer serum-free and/or animal component-free media, thus decreasing contamination risks. 

A dog s feed is described that contains plant and animal components, with plant components including oats, buckwheat grains, barley, tomato, Jerusalem artichoke green mass, and wheat grits. 

Many new medium companies formed in the early 1990s. Today, more than a decade later, the medium development industry has matured. Currently, a variety of serum-free (SF) media are available commercially. Table 32.3 lists some SF media produced in the United States. Many of these media are also made in powder form to facilitate use in laige-scale production. As listed in Table 32.3, there are different types of SF media, which can be categorized into protein-free (PF), chemical-defined (CD), and animal-component-free (ACF) media. The relationships among these different types of media are illustrated in Figure 32.1. 

Fig. 32.1. Relationships among serum-free, protein-free, chemical defined and animal-component-free media.

Terrestrial environments consist of solid (rocks, sediments and soils), liquid (rivers, lakes and groundwater) and biological (plants and animals) components. The chemistry of terrestrial environments is dominated by reactions between the Earth s crust and fluids in the hydrosphere and atmosphere. 

Fig. 4.6 Changes in process parameters during optimization of a GS-CHO process producing an lgC4 antibody using chemically defined animal-component free media in 10-L laboratory-scale airlift bioreactors (a) growth parameters (b) productivity parameters.

Table 4.2 Oligosaccharide profiles determined by MALDI-TOF MS for a GS-NSO lgC4 antibody during process optimization in chemically defined animal component-free fed-batch culture...

Shaw et al. [24] showed that the chemically defined animal component-free process they developed using the GS-NSO cell line 6A1(100)3 was applicable to other cell lines. Using a different cell line that was making 1 g in a serum-free process, with no optimization for this second cell line, an antibody concentration of 1.8 g was attained. This has subsequently been confirmed with other cell lines producing above 1 g L (unpublished results). 

Regulatory bodies are likely to continue to place greater controls on sourcing of animal components for medical devices. At the same time, there will continue to be pressure placed on the medical device manufacturer to tighten specifications on the products they sell. It is understood that animal tissues vary widely depending upon species, tissue type, age of the animal, diet, and geographical area in which the animal... 

Bratu Mihaela Mirela, Roncea F., Moldovan Lucia, Craciunescu Oana, Negreanu-Pirjol Ticuta (2009) In vitro evaluation of new topical preparation based on polyphenols, zinc and a matrix animal components Archives of the Balkan Medical Union vol. 44, 1,31-34... 

Rourou, S., van der Ark, A., van der Velden, T., and Kallel, H. (2007) A microcarrier cell culture process for propagating rabies virus in Vero cells grown in a stirred bioreactor under fully animal component free conditions. Vaccine, 25 (19), 3879-3889. 

A number of allogeneic human fibroblast feeder options exist (Stacey et al. 2006), including autologous fibroblasts differentiated from hESCs and iPSCs (Takahashi et al. 2009 Yoo et al. 2005). Human feeder cells, especially allogeneic feeders, still have the potential to modify pluripotent stem cells and potentially elicit an immune response when pluripotent stem cell-derived cells are used in vivo. Such feeders can be used in conjunction with human serum to derive and expand new lines without exposure to animal components (Ellerstrom et al. 2006 Skottman et al. 2006). 

Chem. Descrip. Vegetable protein, starch, guar gum Uses Emulsifier/stabilizer for cold prod, of strictly vegetable dressings without any animal components (milk or egg) suitable for vegetarian, kosher, cholesterol-free, lactose-free, gluten-free, dietary/health foods Regulatory FAOAWHO... 

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