Traumatic aneurysms

Infarction of the brain is involved in stroke, ruptured berry aneurysm, traumatic brain... 

Penetrating and non-penetrating neck injuries are more likely to damage the carotid than the better protected vertebral artery. The vertebral artery appears to be more vulnerable to rotational and hyperextension injuries of the neck, particularly at the level of the atlas and axis. Laceration, dissection and intimal tears may be complicated by thrombosis and then embolism and, therefore, ischemic stroke at the time of the injury or some days or even weeks after the injury. Later stroke may be a consequence of the formation of a traumatic aneurysm, arteriovenous fistula or a fistula between the carotid and vertebral arteries (Davis and Zimmerman 1983). 

Abnormalities of the internal carotid artery Unilateral vascular headache syndromes Direct or indirect trauma Spontaneous or traumatic occlusion Aneurysms Atherosclerosis Spontaneous dissection Lesions involving the middle cranial fossa and cavernous sinus Basal skull fractures... 

Non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhages are usually due to rupture of a saccular aneurysm, most often located at a branch of a major artery or the circle of Willis. Their source is radiographically apparent. 

Heparin and other anticoagulants should be used with extreme caution in patients with traumatic injuries to the central nervous system or the eyes because it is very difficult to control hemorrhage in these areas. The possible existence of an aneurysm must be considered in an untreated hypertensive patient. 

Percutaneous puncture and pre-operative cyanoacrylate obliteration of a traumatic false aneurysm of an angular artery branch [see comment], Br J Radiol 76 746-749... 

The thoracic aorta may be affected by several different diseases, such as aortic dissection, intramural hematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, aneurysms and traumatic injury. Any of these diseases may well be displayed in the axial slices, as well with post-processing (Takahashi and Stanford 2005). Volume rendering in particular is helpful in displaying the anatomical situation of the thoracic aorta after stent graft placement (Fig. 15.7). 

MSCT with M1P and VR may diagnose a traumatic or non-traumatic ruptured thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm on the basis of a contrast-enhanced CT scan that shows an aortic aneurysm with adjacent periaortic hemorrhage (Fig. 25.4) and may depict active bleeding, the extension of the aneurysm, the presence and extent of mural thrombosis and the stenosis or occlusion of vessels. For interventional stent repair, most of the measurements for determination of the optimal dimension and type of stent-graft are obtained with MSCT and 3D reconstructions. 

Traumatic aneurysms result from a direct injury to the arterial wall or to acceleration-induced shear. Cervical, cerebral or meningeal arteries can be af-... 

Aneurysms of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) are relatively rare compared with those in other locations. Extremely rare are singular berry aneurysms of the PCA. Often, this type of aneurysm is either associated with the incidence of multiple aneurysms or with other vascular disorders like ar-terious-venous-malformations, moyamoya disease or ipsilateral internal carotid occlusion for various reasons. Other rare causes are infectious and post-traumatic conditions. Some authors figured out that the incidence of PCA aneurysms is approximately... 

Yamaura A, Ono J, Hirai S (2000) Clinical picture of intracranial non-traumatic dissecting aneurysm. Neuropathology 20 85-90... 

Iatrogenic lesions tend to be simple traumatic disruptions of the artery, so unlike true aneurysms, the... 

Mycotic aneurysms from bacterial endocarditis were initially the most common cause of hepatic artery aneurysm [11]. However, traumatic and iatrogenic causes are likely the most common etiology today. Medial degeneration and atherosclerotic changes have also been implicated. However, atherosclerosis is more likely the result rather than the cause of the... 

As long as there is no celiac, proper hepatic, or SMA origin occlusion, the GDA can be sacrificed. If the GDA is required to maintain perfusion of the liver or, if flow into the SMA is dependent upon the celiac, then direct coiling of GDA pseudoaneurysms is preferable. This can he accomplished with stent placement over the aneurysm neck and microcoil deposition through the interstices via a microcatheter. A small-caliher stent graft such as a Jostent could theoretically be used in this situation. However, use of this device is still not approved by the FDA. Appel et al. described the placement of a 26-mm stent graft for humanitarian treatment of a traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the SMA [34]. 

Typically pseudoaneurysm formation in the renal artery distribution is iatrogenic or traumatic. Other causes of aneurysm formation include fihromuscu-lar dysplasia, polyarteritis nodosa, amphetamine abuse, angiomyolipoma in the presence or absence of tuberous sclerosis, and neurofibromatosis. 

Traumatic false aneurysm on external carotid artery... 

Hadfield PJ, Gane SB, Leighton SE (2002) Epistaxis due to traumatic internal carotid artery aneurysm. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 66 193-196... 

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