Atherosclerotic changes

However, unlike atherogenic low-density lipoproteins and very low-density lipoproteins, which when metabolized release cholesterol that is in the form of esters and is deposited in tissue, chylomicrons and high-density lipoproteins are not atherogenic. There is a direct link between the concentration of high-density lipoproteins in blood plasma and expressed atherosclerotic changes in medium and large arteries. 

Patients with xanthelasma, particularly younger individuals, should be evaluated for elevated serum lipid levels, because 30% to 50% will have hyperlipoproteinemia. Among the remaining 50% to 70%, some have subtle changes in lipid composition that may indicate a tendency toward atherosclerotic changes. Thus, in addition to... 

Cardiovascular Effects. In humans, vascular atherosclerotic changes are a primary effect following long-term exposure to carbon disulfide. This is supported by epidemiological studies that have established a relationship between occupational exposure to carbon disulfide and increased mortality due to coronary heart disease (Hemberg et al. 1970, 1971, 1973 MacMahon and Monson 1988 Tiller et al. 1968 Tolonen et al. 1979) and circulatory disease deaths (Swaen et al. 1994). Milder manifestations such as angina have also been documented (Hemberg et al. 1971 Tolonen et al. 1979). 

Patients with hypertension have increased common carotid artery IMT and lower mean shear stress with a negative correlation between shear stress and IMT in hypertensives. In the general population, decreased shear stress may contribute to atherosclerosis (16). It was suggested that the ubiquitous atherosclerotic changes in fetal and pediatric subjects when serum cholesterol levels are normal demonstrate the importance of repetitive hemodynamic stresses, rather than hypercholesterolemia, in atherosclerosis (reviewed in ref. 17). 

The role of smoking has been reviewed in ref. 131. Smoking has several contributing effects to atherosclerosis in a prospective study, a direct association was found between atherosclerotic changes and number of cigarets smoked per day. This risk was reduced, but not eliminated up to 10 years after cessation of smoking (132). 

Sims FH, Chen X, Gavin JB. The importance of a substantial elastic lamina subjacent to the endothelium in limiting the progression of atherosclerotic changes. Histopathology 1993 23 307-317. 

Mycotic aneurysms from bacterial endocarditis were initially the most common cause of hepatic artery aneurysm [11]. However, traumatic and iatrogenic causes are likely the most common etiology today. Medial degeneration and atherosclerotic changes have also been implicated. However, atherosclerosis is more likely the result rather than the cause of the... 

Machida, M., Kameyama, K., Asano, G., and Kumazaki, T., Fluorescence spectroscopic and his-tochemical analysis using hematoporphyrin as a microenvironmental probe for atherosclerotic change in the human aorta. Lab. Invest., 79, 733,1999. 

We have recently found, in several expanded PTFE grafts retrieved from humans, atherosclerotic changes in the neointima which are independent of the anastomoses. Unlike the thin, smooth neointima which usually develops in these grafts and appears to be fibrin, the focal areas of atherosclerosis show cellular proliferation with microfoci of hypocellularity, cellular degeneration, focal calcification and lipid-laden macrophages. These histologic changes are consistent with the early atherosclerotic lesion. 

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