Anemia adolescence

Shis MR, Zinkham WH. Methylene blue-induced Heinz body hemolytic anemia. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994 148(3) 306-10. 

The immunogenicity and safety of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine have been studied in renal allograft recipients, dialysis patients (19), children and adolescents with sickle-cell anemia (SED-11, 682) (SEDA-12, 277), people with diabetes mellitus (SED-11, 682), and children with nephrotic syndrome (20). When comparing the results with healthy persons there were no significant differences. 

Porea TJ, Belmont JW, Mahoney DH Jr. Zinc-induced anemia and neutropenia in an adolescent. J Pediatr 2000 136(5) 688-90. 

Other Conditions. Other groups of individuals are considered to be at risk either from a marginal dietary deficiency or from an acquired deficiency secondary to disease. These groups would include female adolescents during pregnancy and lactation. Also affected may be patients with malabsorption syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, alcoholic liver disease, and anorexia nervosa. A significant proportion of cases of sickle cell anemia have clinical signs and symptoms and some laboratory abnormalities of zinc deficiency. These patients respond well to zinc supplementation. ... 

An adolescent presents with shortness of breath during exercise and is found to be anemic. A hemoglobin electrophoresis is performed that is depicted in the figure below. The adolescents sample is run with controls including normal, sickle trait, and sickle cell anemia, and serum. The adolescent is determined to have an unknown hemoglobinopathy. Which one of the lanes contains the adolescent s sample ... 

Hyperutilization of folic acid may occur when the rate of cellular division is increased as is seen during pregnancy hemolytic anemia myelofibrosis mahgnancy chronic inflammatory disorders such as Crohn s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, or psoriasis long-term dialysis burn patients and growth spurts seen in adolescence and infancy. This can lead to anemia, particularly when the daily intake of folate is borderline, resulting in inadequate replacement of folate stores. 

Glucosylceramidase (EC 3.2.1.45). Enzyme activity about 15 % of normal in (a). Enzyme totally absent in (b) and (d), and about 2.5 % of normal in (c). Glu-cosyl ceramide accumulates in liver, spleen, bone marrow and leukocytes it accumulates in the brain in (b), (c) and (d), and in the lungs in some cases of (b). Hepatosplenomegaly. Anemia. Pancytopenia. Ostealgia and osteoporosis. Purpura. Cerebral degeneration in (b) and (c). Type (a) is manifested between 1 and 60 years, and may result in death at any time from infection or liver dysfunction. Type (b) is manifested in the first year, and is fatal by the end of the first or second year. Type (c) is manifested at 6-20 years, and is fatal in adolescence or early adulthood. lype (d) results in death in utero (ascites hydrops fetalis). 

In hypogonadal dwarfism, reported by Prasad et al. [47], adolescents in Iran and Egypt became zinc-deficient in consequence of high phytate content in the diet making zinc unavailable for absorption. This disease results in dwarfism, retarded sexual maturation, iron deficiency anemia, and hepatosplenomegaly. 

Hematologic Bone marrow suppression leading to anemia and febrile neutropenia has been reported in an adolescent who was given high doses of diazoxide for hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia [102" ]. The cause of the underlying condition was eventually discovered to be Munchausen syndrome by proxy. 

Fig. 1. Demonstration of maximum tolerance for water. The water intake of this lad was increased stepwise. At a rate equivalent to a daily intake of 15 liters, urine flow ceased to rise in parallel and a positive water balance and dilu-tional anemia developed. Because the patient had diabetes insipidus, he failed to exhibit the adaptive delay shown by the subject of Fig. 7. (From Talbot, N.B., Sobel, E.H., McArthur, J.W. and Crawford, J.D. Functional Endocrinology from Birth to Adolescence, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1952).

Ahmed, F., Khan, M.R., Akhtaruzzaman, M., Karim. R., Williams, G., Torlesse, H., Darnton-Hill, I., Dalmiya, N., Banu, C.P., and Nahar, B., 2010. Long-term intermittent multiple mieronutrient supplementation enhances hemoglobin and mieronutrient status more than iron-folic acid supplementation in Bangladeshi rural adolescent girls with nutritional anemia. Journal of Nutrition. 140 1879-1886. 

Mutabagani KH, Klopfenstein KJ, Hogan MJ, et al. (1999) Metastatic paraganglioma and paraneoplastic-induced anemia in an adolescent treatment with hepatic arterial chemoembolization. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 21 544-547... 

Many studies have shown that the highest prevalence of anemia is in infants and women of reproductive age. A high Prevaience is also found in preschool children and adolescents, particularly those from low-income families. 

Ileocolitis—This condition affects the lower part of the small intestine (ileum) and the adjoining part of the colon. It occurs commonly in children, adolescents, and young adults. They may have pain or tenderness on the lower right side of the abdomen which is similar to that of appendicitis. Other characteristics of ileocolitis are (1) partial obstruction of the intestine by scar tissue (2) anemia, fatty stools, lack of appetite, and weight loss due to malabsorption and (3) inflammation and fever. 

An inadequate dietary intake of iron by growing children, by adolescent girls, or by women—especially during pregnancy and in lactation, will produce nutritional anemia. 

Many adolescent girls select a poor diet, to indulge the whims of a freakish appetite or to maintain ill- advised reduction regimens, with resultant anemia. Thus, it is necessary continually to emphasize to them that there is an accelerated demand for iron to satisfy their still-increasing blood volume as well as to compensate for losses through menstruation. 

Targeted high-risk children and adolescents Asthma and other chronic pulmonary diseases Hemodynamically significant cardiac disease Immunosuppressive disorders and therapy Infection with human immunodeficiency virus Sickle cell anemia and other hemoglohinopathies... 

Data from the US NHANES III (1988-1994) survey, which used a variety of indicators of iron status, showed that 9% of US toddlers were iron deficient and 3% had iron deficiency anemia. Eleven percent of adolescent females and women of reproductive age were iron deficient, and 3-5% of these women had iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency in the developed world is more common among low-income minorities. 

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