And protein content

Most nuts for commercial use are characteri2ed by high oil and protein contents (see Proteins) as well as a low percentage of carbohydrates (qv). However, some varieties, mostly inedible tree nuts such as acorn, horse chestnut, and chufa, contain at least as much sugar and/or starch as protein. The edible water chestnut is also in this category, as is the cashew nut, which contains starch in addition to a rich store of oil. The proximate composition of a number of nuts and of some nut products are given in Table 2 (3). 

Table All.l. Carbon isotope and protein content of experimental diets used for modeling in this paper. The values are 5 C in %o with reference to the PDB standard, except for protein content (by weight) which is in %. The type of diet corresponds to the Ambrose and Norr (1993) and Tieszen and Fagre (1993)...

Horiguchi, T., Nishikawa, T., and Ohta, Y. et al. (2007). Retinoid X receptor gene expression and protein content in tissues of the rock sheU Thais clavigera. Aquatic Toxicology 84, 379-388. 

All fractions were analysed for AE activity and protein content. The protein content was measured spectrophotometrically according to Bradford using the BioRad protein assay kit with Y-globulin as standard (5). 

Other enzyme activities, and protein content were determined as reported previously [8]. 

Andrada, A. C. and Telleria, M. C. (2005). Pollen collected by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) from south of Calden district (Argentina) Botanical origin and protein content. Grana 44, 115-122. 

Parrott, J.L. and J.B. Sprague. 1993. Patterns in toxicity of sublethal mixtures of metals and organic chemicals determined by Microtox and by DNA, RNA, and protein content of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Canad. Jour. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50 2245-2253. 

Frakes, R.A., R.P.Sharma, C.C.Willhite, and G.Gomex. 1986. Effect of cyanogenic glycosides and protein content in cassava diets on hamster prenatal development. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 7 191-198. 

The protein content of cookies was markedly influenced by the addition and protein content of the various legume flours (Figure 4). Each increment of peanut flour raised the total protein content in cookies by 1.5%. Increases of 1.4% occurred with soy flour and 0.5% with cowpea flour. 

The composition of protein and starch fractions produced from pin milling and air classification are related to a number of variables variability in composition of field pea cultivars, number of passes through pin mill and air classifier, vane settings and protein content of peas, and seed moisture (5,9,23,31). 

NSI values are influenced by a number of factors, such as pH, temperature, particle size of product, process used for protein isolation, and protein content (34). 

Overall, the large number of significant differences among the fractions of all three bean types, reveals that the various minerals studied were not equally distributed among the fractions, except for sodium, but rather that partitioning occurred. Consistent with the ash values obtained, the protein flour fractions of the three bean types contained larger amounts of Fe, Mg, P, Z, and K whereas the starch II fractions contained smaller amounts of these minerals and Ca and Cu than the other flour fractions. Phytic acid content ranged from 8.7-30.2 mg/g for navy flours, from 4.3-23.7 mg/g for pinto flours. Total phosphorus content correlated well with both phytic acid content and protein content. Phytic acid content was... 

Table V. Weights and Protein Contents of Leaves from Four Tropical Plants [from Nagy et al. (4 )]...

A serious problem with some vegetables and particularly with fruit as a source of protein is the dilution of protein with carbohydrates so that an inordinate amount of calories must be consumed to obtain the needed amount of protein and amino acids for human growth. A survey of calories and protein content/100 g fresh weight of several different leaves, pods, seeds and tubers is shown in Table VIII. This indicates the desirability of certain leaves, pods and seeds over tubers, for example, as a protein source. 

The amounts of oil and protein in decorticated seeds are somewhat less varied. Calculations of earlier data from thirteen species show that decorticated seeds contain, by weight, 49.5 + 2.3% oil and 35.0 + 2.4% protein at 95% confidence intervals in the 2 test (1). More recent reports ( 7 24-32) are in substantial agreement with these values. Some studies report oil and protein contents of undecorticated seed (whole seed) or protein content of oil-free meal. Recalculations to decorticated full-fat seeds fit these ranges. 

The rat cell line R3/1 was established from cells obtained from broncho-alveolar tissues of foetal Wistar rats at 20 days of gestation. This cell line displays a phenotype with several characteristic features of ATI cells. R3/1 cells were analysed to show a positive expression for mRNA and protein content of markers related to the ATI cell type (e.g., Tla, ICAM-1, connexin-43 and caveolin-1 and -2) [79], Whether or not this cell line can form functional tight junctions is currently under investigation in our laboratories. 

Table 7.4 The P-glucosidase activity and protein content of several fruit seed meals ...

Growth of cells comprises their hyperplasia (proliferation), i.e. increase in cell number, and hypertrophy, manifested by the increase in cell volume and protein content, which is often associated with the increase in the DNA content... 

Craker, L. E. Influence of ozone on RNA and protein content of Lemna minor L. Environ. Pollut. 3 319-323, 1972. 

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