Epoxy Anchoring Systems

Anchoring systems are materials used mainly for securing bolts, bars, tendons or dowels in drilled or formed holes in concrete, masonry or natural rock. Polyester anchors are widely used because of their fast curing property and high early strength (Fosroc International, undated a). Epoxy anchors are applied in areas where there is a risk of alkaline hydrolysis. 

No specific costs could be found for the cutter, Cu-201 an anchor-type agitator, Ag-301 an epoxy-lined tank, D-101 and the waste treatment system, WTS-801. Further, the F O B. costs of the sand filter, WTS-701, and the extruders, EXT-501, had to be calculated from the installed costs. 

Epoxy crack injection systems are unfilled compositions, based on low-viscosity liquid epoxy resins and low-viscosity moisture-tolerant hardeners. The low viscosity of the system aids penetration into fine cracks and achieves the right balance of gel time (Anchor Chemicals/Air Products, undated a). Cracks as narrow as 0.05 mm can be filled with epoxy injection systems (CCA/, 1985). 

Epodil . [Ak Prods. Pacific Anchor] Glycidyl ethers hydrocarbon diluent fo epoxy systems fortooling, elec, applies., coatings, potting, fkxning. 

Epoxy ModiHer ML. [Pacific Anchor] Diluent, plasticizer, wetting agent for qx)xy systems used fen coatings, decorative flotning, exteriw patching. 

More recent efforts have focused on developments that create true hybrids. For example, blocked isocyanate prepolymers have been mixed with epoxy resins and cured with amines [68-70]. These blocked prepolymers will react initially with the amines to form amine-terminated prepolymers that cross-link the epoxy resin. Several blocked isocyanates are commercially available. The DESMOCAP (Bayer) llA and 12A products are isocyanates (believed to be blocked with nonylphenol) used as flexibilizing agents for epoxy resins. ANCAREZ (trademark. Pacific Anchor, Inc.) 2150 is a blocked isocyanate epoxy blend used as an adhesion promoter for vinyl plastisols. A one-package, heat-cured hybrid adhesive was reported consisting of isophorone diisocyanate, epoxy resin, and a dispersed solid curative based on the salt of ethylenediamine and bisphenol A [71]. Urethane amines are offered commercially that can be used with epoxy resins to develop hybrid adhesive systems [72]. 

The functionalization of CNTs through plasma treatment represents a novel and easy approach to scale up towards industrial applications. In more recent works, there were many attempts to fluorinate CNT sidewalls in such manner. The CF4 plasma treatment of SWNT sidewalls was demonstrated to enhance the reactivity of tubes with aliphatic amines.The cure reaction of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A-based epoxy resin (DGEBA), when reacted with butylamine molecules (BAMs) anchored on to the plasma treated fluorinated SWNTs, was reported. The advantage of this method was that the functionalization could be achieved through a simple approach, which is widely used in thin film technologies. As covalently modified CNTs with fluorine groups offer the opportunity for chemical interactions with the amine systems, it was recently demonstrated that this... 

Uses Epoxy resin comonomer or as modifiers for epoxy systems in flexible and impact-resist, coatings and potting compds. sealants electronic encapsulation as primer subcoat to anchor surf, coatings on cellophane for food pkg. 

A significant number of studies on p-aramid/epoxy systems are related with surface treatments of the reinforcing fibers. The purpose of these treatments is threefold (i) roughening of the fiber surface in order to enlarge the physical interface with the matrix resin allowing also for mechanical anchoring, (ii) chemical activation of the fiber surface, and (iii) creating chemical bonds across the fiber/matrix interface. 

Room temperature curing systems such as unsaturated polyesters and epoxies are frequently used to cement threaded bushings into wheels. Inorganic materials such as litharge and sulfur cements and low melting metals are used for anchoring and bonding operations. 

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