Butylamine molecules

We conclude that the rds transition state includes the elements of one cinnamoyl-imidazole and two butylamine molecules, but we do not know anything about their assembly. However, because a termolecular collision is very improbable, we are justified in supposing that this is a complex reaction, the three molecules having been brought together in stepwise fashion. 

The evaluation of the acid properties of calcined materials was based on the assumption that n-butylamine molecules interact with all acid sites, and the total acidity of the sample studied can be determined from the maximum amount adsorbed. Shown in Fig. 2 are thermogravimetric curves for n-butylamine thermodesorption, which were used to evaluate the amount of medium and strong acid sites for both samples. Thermodesorption of n-butylamine from CeMCM-41 exhibits three distinct ranges (i) desorption of physically adsorbed amine bellow 230 °C (ii) desorption of n-butylamine from medium acid sites at 230 - 410 °C (0.25 mmol/g), and (iii) its desorption from strong acid sites at 410 - 590 °C (0.21 mmol/g). However, only one weight loss was observed for pure silica MCM-41 due to thermodesorption of physically adsorbed amine, indicating negligible acidity of this material. 

The functionalization of CNTs through plasma treatment represents a novel and easy approach to scale up towards industrial applications. In more recent works, there were many attempts to fluorinate CNT sidewalls in such manner. The CF4 plasma treatment of SWNT sidewalls was demonstrated to enhance the reactivity of tubes with aliphatic amines.The cure reaction of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A-based epoxy resin (DGEBA), when reacted with butylamine molecules (BAMs) anchored on to the plasma treated fluorinated SWNTs, was reported. The advantage of this method was that the functionalization could be achieved through a simple approach, which is widely used in thin film technologies. As covalently modified CNTs with fluorine groups offer the opportunity for chemical interactions with the amine systems, it was recently demonstrated that this... 

Number of n-butylamine molecules consumed by lOOOA of the surface of the samples the values are reproducible to about ihO.8. 

Certain molecules that can permit concerted proton transfers are efficient catalysts for reactions at carbonyl centers. An example is the catalytic effect that 2-pyridone has on the aminolysis of esters. Although neither a strong base (pA aH+ = 0.75) nor a strong acid (pJsfa = 11.6), 2-pyridone is an effective catalyst of the reaction of -butylamine with 4-nitrophenyl acetate. The overall rate is more than 500 times greater when 2-pyridone acts... 

Taking into consideration the findings with tert-butylamine in Section 6.6.1 it may be assumed that in solution the equilibrium of these reactions (Eq. (10)) is mostly shifted to the left side, involving however a rapid exchange of base molecules within the adduct. The equilibrium may depend on temperature and the molarity of B. 

The molecules I, II and III of Scheme 3 can be obtained, depending on the molarities of the reactants 176) or the nature of the substituent R 177). When R is tert-butyl, thermolysis of the adduct from tert-butylamine and stannylene leads to a mixture of I and II these compounds can be isolated in the molarities indicated in Scheme 3. In the case R = tert-butyl, compound III is not formed directly. It can however be synthesized by thermolysis of I or II at elevated temperatures. On the other hand, if R is dimethylamino, the reaction leads directly to compound III without formation of I or II177). 

The benzyl—nitrogen bond is not so easily cleaved as the benzyl—oxygen bond, unless the O-benzyl group is sterically hindered. This difference in activity allows the selective removal of the O-benzyl function in a molecule containing both N-benzyl and O-benzyl protecting groups. The selectivity can be reversed if the amine is protected by the Cbz group. If a small amount of amine (e g., butylamine) is added, then the selective removal of N-benzyl amines can be achieved.292... 

Blatz and Mohler38 have performed 2D NOE NMR experiments on the protonated f-butylamine Schiff base of all-fraws-retinal using different counterions, each carrying at least one nonexchangeable proton. The study has indicated that a proton on the counterion molecule is spatially close, in aprotic solvents, to the protons of the chromophore near the positively charged nitrogen. It has also shown that the ion-pair formation is relaxed in either the presence of excess carboxylic acid (the counterion) or when using methanol as a solvent. 

Amines are named by adding the suffix-amine to the name of (a) the alkyl group attached to N or b) the longest alkane chain. The terminal e in the name of the parent alkane is dropped when amine follows but not when, for example, diamine follows [see Problem 18.1(d)]. Thus, CH3CH(NH2)CHjCHj is named sec-butylamine or 2-butanamine. Amines, especially with other functional groups, are named by considering amino, N-alkylamino and N,N-dialkylamino as substituents on the parent molecule N indicates substitution on nitrogen. 

A combined application of direct calorimetric measurements and thermochemical investigations has made possible to obtain a number of important thermochemical quantities characterizing the interaction of the N—H bond of the amine with the epoxy ring 53). Combustion and evaporation enthalpies of phenylglycidyl ether and its condensation products with aniline and butylamine have been determined. Standard enthalpies of the formation of these compounds, strain energies of the epoxy ring in the phenylglycidyl ether molecule and — AH values for the three-phase states, which are most important for the determination of the true thermodynamic reaction characteristics, have been estimated. 

TV-Alkylidenalkylamines were found in the reaction products of the transformation of 1-butylamine [147,148], cyclohexylamine and isopropylamine [149] on alumina, and were probably formed by the dehydrogenation of the primary amine to an imine, followed by its condensation with a second molecule of the amine [148], rather than by the dehydrogenation of the dialkylamine [147], The TV-alkylidenalkylamines R=N—R decompose to an olefin and an imine a cyclic process has been postulated [148] which explains the increases in reactivity of amines with secondary alkyls. Also butyronitrile has been detected in appreciable amounts in the reaction products of 1-butylamine on alumina at 500° C [147],... 

Lewis acid sites can coordinate with a given indicator molecule to produce an adsorption band identical in position with that produced through proton addition. Even if the indicators used are responsive only to Brpn-sted acids, most basic reagents used to titrate surface acidity (e.g., n-butylamine, pyridine) are strongly adsorbed on surface sites other than Br0nsted acid sites. In this connection, a recent study indicates that adsorption equilibrium is not fully established during titration of silica-alumina with n-butylamine because of the irreversible attachment of amine molecules by adsorption sites at which they first arrive (31). 

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