Anaphylaxis tests

The synthetic P-o-glucopyranoside 30 was converted to the cyanoglucoside rho-diocyanoside A (38a), which was isolated from the underground part of Rhodiola quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. et Mey. (Crassulaceae) and found to show antiallergic activity in a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test in rat. Acetylation of 30 gave an acetate (98% yield) which was subjected to ozonolysis to afford the aldehyde 39. The Horner-Emmons reaction of 39 using diethyl (l-cyanoethyl)phosphonate furnished (Z)-40a (32% yield from 30) and ( )-40b (10% yield from 30). The physical... 

Parenteral iron anaphylaxis (test dose required for iron dextran and observe for 1 hour after), injection-site pain/ irritation, arthralgias, myalgias, flushing, malaise, and fever... 

Typical protocols for dermal sensitization, active systemic anaphylaxis, and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests are given in the article Animals in Drug Development, in this encyclopedia. In a typical gel-diffusion test, solutions of test compound, egg albumin (positive control), or vehicle (usually saline) are mixed with complete Freund s adjuvant. These mixtures are injected into animals (usually guinea pigs) of the... 

A series of 4-hydroxy-3-nitrocoumarins had potent activity in the PFA (passive peritoneal anaphylaxis) test (about 10 X DSCG). These compounds also antagonized the effects of SSS-A T and one of the most... 

The results obtained in the guinea-pig anaphylaxis test after oral oxatomide administration are presented in Fig. 1. A dose-dependent increase in the number of animals protected from the acute anaphylactic shock was observed and the histamine-induced paw oedema was similarly reduced by increasing doses of oxatomide. As previously found with cinnarizine, protection from anaphylactic shock was a more sensitive measure of the activity of oxatomide than was the reduction of paw oedema. In comparison with cinnarizine, however, oxatomide was considerably more potent. The calculated ED5o s, 2 h after oral administration, were 0. 16(0. 081 - 0. 31) mg/kg for protection from anaphylactic shock and 0. 30(0. 18 - 0. 50) mg/kg for inhibition of histamine oedema. 

Figure 1. Individual survival time and histamine oedema after oral oxatomide administration (t 2 hr) in the guinea pig anaphylaxis test...

There are other compounds in the literature which seem to have a potentially useful blend of bronchodilator and antiallergy action. Compound IX, having a cromolyn-type structure, is effective in the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test in rats as well as in the histamine aerosol test in guinea pigs (22). It has less cardiovascular effects than theophylline but causes some CNS stimulation. Compound X is a recent compound which in animals appears to be more potent than theophylline in its bronchodilator/antiallergic actions and also appears to have greater broncho-selectivity (23, 24). 

Kaaber, K. 2000. Tahitian noni juice Active systemic anaphylaxis test in the guinea pig. Lille Skensved, Denmark Scantox Biologisk Laboratorium. 

In all these studies, either serum antibody or the plaque-forming response was tested with the exception of IgE, which was tested by a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test. In none of the experiments was an attempt made to delineate the cell types that may be stimulated by the retinoid. Therefore, we do not know presently whether the drug acts on B cells, T cells, antigen-presenting cells or other cell types. Three different retinoids were employed and it is not known whether any one in particular may be superior to the others for immunostimula-tion because no comparative studies have been done. 

The induction of antibody formation in animals is not predictive of a potential for antibody formation in humans. Humans may develop serum antibodies against humanised proteins, and frequently the therapeutic response persists in their presence. The occurrence of severe anaphylactic responses to recombinant proteins is rare in humans. In this regard, the results of guinea pig anaphylaxis tests, which are generally positive for protein products, are not predictive for reactions in humans therefore, such studies are considered of little value for the routine evaluation of these types of products. 

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