Anaesthetics agents

The pseudo-barbiturate , 2-methyl-3-o-tolylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (methaqualone, Revonal 1017) has an even wider spectrum of activities than do the barbiturates proper it appears to be quite widely used as- a sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, antispasmodic and local anaesthetic agent (63MI21301, b-75MI21301>. 

Major hazard aspects of the transport of dangerous substances 1991 Recommendations for training users of non-agricultural pesticides Health surveillance under COSHH. Guidance for employers Anaesthetic agents. Controlling exposure under COSHH Risk assessments of notified new substances... 

The oldest anti-anxiety agent is undoubtedly alcohol and it is certain that this drug is still routinely self-administered for this purpose. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, bromide salts were used to relieve conditions akin to anxiety despite the risk of a characteristic toxic delirium, known as bromism . Alternative treatments, such as paraldehyde and chloral hydrate, were also widely used but these too had adverse effects the former can cause psychosis but the latter is still used as a sedative and anaesthetic agent. 

Using Volatile Anaesthetic Agents. Dr. P. Fenton, Update in Anaesthesia, Practical Procedures, Issue 5,1995, http //www.nda.ox.ac.uk/wfsa/html/u05/u05 007.htm... 

The site http //www.oyston.com/history has afascinating history of the topic, mentioning such early anaesthetics as ether, chloroform and nitrous oxide. Local anaesthetics are often injected in the form of liquids or solutions, see the article pharmacology of local anaesthetic agents by a British anaesthetist, Dr J. M. Tuckley, may be found... 

The analogous 4- (19, X = H2) and 5-phenyltetrahydro-l-benzazepines are less active than the 3-phenyl isomers [30]. The corresponding 4-phenyl-benzazepin-2-one (19, X = O) shows moderate antiarrhythmic activity [30] and is claimed to be useful for the treatment of neurogenic or carcinogenic auricular and ventricular fibrillation and as an antihistaminic or local anaesthetic agent [37]. Introduction of an aminoalkyl group, such as 2-piperidinyl-... 

Spray Inhalation - Vaporization of Volatile Anaesthetic Agents and Medication... 

The Meyer-Overton hypothesis is the theory of anaesthetic action which proposes that the potency of an anaesthetic agent is related to its lipid solubility. 

The phenomenon by which the speed of onset of inhalational anaesthetic agents is increased when they are administered with N20 as a carrier gas. 

High or low lung volume Volatile anaesthetic agents... 

A clinically useful action of a2-agonists is their ability to reduce the requirements for other anaesthetic agents during anaesthesia. In control mice, non-sedative doses of dexmedetomidine reduced the concentrations of the volatile anaesthetic, halothane, to induce anaesthesia by 30% (Lakhlani et al. 1997). This anaesthetic-sparing effect of a2-agonists was completely abolished in a2A-D79N mice. 

Procaine is a derivative of p-aminobenzoic acid, and is a one of the oldest used ester-type local anaesthetic agents [1], The compound was originally developed by Einhom [2,3], and later with and Uhlfelder [4]. This anti-arrhythmic drug itself has a short half-life, but is able to form salts with other drugs which causes an increase in the duration of action [5]. 

Jellies are transparent or translucent, non-greasy medicated semi-solid preparation used externally, sometime containing local anaesthetic agent also e.g. Lignocaine jelly. 

It is a new non-barbiturate anaesthetic agent and pharmacologically related to phencyclidine, a hallucinogen. Intravenous ketamine produces unconsciousness and analgesia within 30 seconds. It can be given by intramuscular route also. It acts on the cerebral cortex and subcortical areas. 

It is a new intravenous anaesthetic agent with poor analgesic property. It has a briefer duration of action than thiopentone. It produces little cardiovascular and respiratory depression. A single intravenous dose produces loss of consciousness within 10 seconds and a state of anaesthesia. 

Preanaesthetic medication refers to the use of drugs before the administration of an anaesthetic agent, which makes it more pleasant and safe to the patient... 

To minimize certain undesirable effects produced by anaesthetic agents like bradycardia and vomiting. 

It is indicated for preoperative sedation, conscious sedation prior to short diagnostic or endoscopic procedures, induction of general anaesthesia prior to administration of other anaesthetic agents. 

It is indicated as a narcotic analgesic supplement in general or regional anaesthesia, as an anaesthetic agent with oxygen and skeletal relaxant in selected high risk patients (e.g. open heart surgery). 

Allergic reactions are characterised by cutaneous lesions, urticaria, edema or anaphylactoid reactions may occur as a result of sensitivity to local anaesthetic agent. 

Figure 3.2 Structural formulae of volatile anaesthetic agents in current use.

In common with all anaesthetic agents it has a depressant effect on baroreceptor reflexes. Respiratory system... 

The ideal intravenous anaesthetic agent Mechanism(s) of intravenous anaesthesia Pharmacokinetics and metabolism Rapidly acting intravenous anaesthetics Non-barbiturate intravenous anaesthetics Slower-acting intravenous anaesthetics Other drugs INTRODUCTION... 

Table 4.2 Physical and pharmacological properties of the ideal intravenous anaesthetic agent...

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