Amphoteric copolymers

T. Siyam, "Studies on Gamma Radiation-Induced Preparation of Cationic and Amphoteric Copolymers. Ph.D. Thesis, Fac. Sci. Cairo Univ., Cairo, Egypt... 

Hydrodynamic, Conformational and Molecular Characteristics of Amphoteric Copolymers... 

The dynamic mobilities of the cationic and anionic side chain of amphoteric copolymers of poly(sodium-2-methacryloyloxyethanesulfonate-co-2-metha-cryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium iodide) (NaMES-METMAI) were estimat-... 

The complex formation problems of amphoteric copolymers with metal ions, detergents, dyes and organic probes is also of great interest. The interaction of metal ions M with polymeric ligands L proceeds as follow [67] ... 

Zuo Z, Zhao X, Manthiram A (2013) High-performance blend membranes composed of an amphoteric copolymer containing supramolecular nanosieves for direct methanol fuel cells. RSC Adv 3 6759-6762... 

Copolymers can be used to introduce a mixture of chemical functionalities into a polymer. Acidic and basic substituents can be introduced, for example, through comonomers like acrylic acid and vinyl pyridine. The resulting copolymers show interesting amphoteric behavior, reversing their charge in solution with changes of pH. 

M. L. Braden. Preparation of amphoteric acrylic acid copolymers suitable as oil-in-water emulsion breakers. Patent US 5552498,1996. 

Amphiphile-oil-water system, temperature of, 16 424-426 Amphiphiles, 16 420 Amphiphile strength, 6 424 Amphiphilic chemicals, 17 56 Amphiphilic copolymers, 20 482 behavior of, 20 483 well-defined, 20 485-490 Amphiphilic molecules, 15 99-101 Amphiphilic plasticizers, 14 480 Amphiphilic polymer blend, 23 720 Amphiphilic polymers statistical, 20 484-490 stimuli-responsive, 20 482-483 Ampholytes, 9 746-747 Amphoteric cyclocopolymers, water-soluble, 23 721 Amphoteric starches, 4 722 Amphoteric (zwitterionic) surfactants, 24 148... 

The cationic Surfmers produced much smaller particle sizes in the emulsion polymerization of styrene and styrene/butyl acrylate than the amphoterics (20-50 nm versus 100-300 nm). Some of the latter, however, conferred to the copolymer lattices stability to electrolytes and freeze-thaw [24]. Similar, but nonreactive surfactants produced from succinic anhydride gave similar stability but had much inferior water resistance [25]. 

These TLC plates have cation- or anion-exchange resins bonded to their surfaces. The resins are materials such as styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers having either quaternary ammonium or sulphonic acid groupings for ion exchange. They are particularly usefril for substmices of high molecular weight and for amphoteric materials. Strong acids or alkalis are usually used as mobile phases. 

Examples of more complex polyelectrolytes are copolymers where only a fraction of the monomers carry charged groups, and polyampholytes or amphoteric polyelectrolytes which carry both positive and negative charges. In this context proteins may be classified as very complex polyampholytes. In the following we shall mainly survey some aspects of simple (linear) polyelectrolytes. We shall only consider a single polyelectrolyte molecule in its aqueous environment (i.e., we restrict ourselves to dilute solutions, where intermolecular interactions may be neglected compare sec. 5.2a). 

Tailored copolymer resins are not the only exchangers to exhibit specific affinities towards selected ions. Many types of inorganic materials such as clays, zeolites, amphoteric oxides, heteropolyacid salts, and phosphates exhibit useful specificity towards selected monovalent and polyvalent ions. In the laboratory such media are often the basis of chromatographic separations, whilst industrially many such materials offer benefits in radioactive waste effluent treatment for removing nucleides such as caesium ( Cs) and strontium ( °Sr). 

Quaternized polymers have been found to improve wet combing and reduce static charge. In general, they can be formulated with anionic surfactants greater deposition occurs with a mixture of amphoteric and nonionic surfactants. Two of the most important examples are Polyquaternium-10, a quaternized hydroxyethylcel-lulose polymer, and Polyquaternium-7, a copolymer of diallyldimethylammonium chloride and acrylamide. These are the two most frequently used polymeric conditioning agents in commercial shampoos [46,47],... 

U.S.6489286 (2002) Lukenbach et al. (Johnson Johnson) Nonionic/amphoteric/anionic surfactants at least two conditioning agents selected from cationic celluloses, sugar derivatives, and homopolymers or copolymers Nonirritating, suitable for children and adults having sensitive skin and eyes imparts wet and dry detangling, and manageability... 

EversofL [Specialty Chem.] Amphoteric polyethylene copolymer durable soft-ener/sewing and cutting lubricant for yams, knits and piece goods. 

For type (1), styrene, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine and divinylbenzene are copolymerized in the presence of the inert polymer and the obtained membrane is sulfonated and then quartemized 100 amphoteric polyelectrolytes such as a copolymer of jV-diethylamino methacrylate and methacrylic acid are dissolved in a... 

The resins of mousses are generally cationic (e.g., polyquaternium-4 or polyquaternium-11), cationic and neutral, cationic and anionic, or amphoteric. Polyquaternium-4 is a copolymer of hydroxyethyl cellulose and dial-lyldimethylammonium chlordie. This polymer is related to the quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose polymer depicted in Table 7-2, except the cationic groups are formed from the diaUyldimethylammonium chloride moiety attached to the cellulosic backbone. 

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