Ammonium fertilizers

Straight ammonium fertilizers which comply with Directive 80/876/EEC and compound fertilizers where the nitrogen content is >28% by weight (a compound fertilizer contains ammonium nitrate plus phosphorus and/or potash). 

Hamoda, M.F., Aerobic treatment of ammonium fertilizer effluent in a fixed-film biological system, Water Sci. Technol., 22, 75-84, 1990. 

Uses Not commercially produced in the United States. Nitrification inhibitor in ammonium fertilizers. 

The single largest use of ammonia is its direct apphcation as fertdizer, and in the manufacture of ammonium fertilizers that have increased world food production dramatically. Such ammonia-based fertilizers are now the primary source of nitrogen in farm soils. Ammonia also is used in the manufacture of nitric acid, synthetic fibers, plastics, explosives and miscellaneous ammonium salts. Liquid ammonia is used as a solvent for many inorganic reactions in non-aqueous phase. Other apphcations include synthesis of amines and imines as a fluid for supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography and as a reference standard in i N-NMR. 

Liming an acidic lake is similar to the process many people use to maintain a pH balance in their soil for lawn maintenance. Plants have an optimum pH range in which they strive. Acidic conditions often develop in soils for several reasons. Rain tends to leach away basic ions, weak organic acids develop from the carbon dioxide produced by decaying organic matter, and strong acids, such as nitric acid, can form when ammonium fertilizers oxidize. To neutralize these acids, different forms of lime such as quicklime, CaO, and slaked lime, Ca(OH)2, are used to neutralize the acid and increase the pH of the soil. Table 13.9 shows how much fertilizer is wasted when applied to... 

There have been several subsequent dual isotope fertilizer studies. The high concentrations of NO in shallow groundwater in the Abbotsford aquifer, British Columbia (Canada), were attributed to nitrification of poultry manure, with lesser amounts of ammonium fertilizers (Wassenaar, 1995). A study of denitrification in a riparian zone showed a higher slope ( 0.7) for the relative fractionation of 5 0 to (Mengis et al., 1999). Nitrate from 10 major karst springs in Illinois during four different seasons was found to be mainly derived from nitrogen fertilizer (Panno et al., 2001). 

Shi, W., and Norton, J. M. (2000). Microbial control of nitrate concentrations in an agricultural soil treated with dairy waste compost or ammonium fertilizer. Soil Biol. Biochem. in press. 

Nitrapyrin (N-serve) was first introduced in agriculture as a means to inhibit the conversion of ammonium fertilizer to nitrate with subsequent wash-out of the nitrate. The nitrapyrin blocks the copper-containing cytochrome oxidase involved in the initial enzymatic oxidation of ammonium to... 

De Wit et al. point out that an excessive cation content may occur where there is a shortage of in the presence of other cations that are readily taken up. Even though these other ions exert their positive charge, the K ion seems to be the only one that accompanies the excess organic ions as they move downward in the plant. In the case of ammonium fertilization, growth often is slowed down because of competition between NH4 and other cations and release of as organic nitrogen is formed. 

Zaman, M., H. J. Di, K. C. Cameron, and C. M. Frampton. 1999. Gross nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates and their relationships to enzyme activities and the soil microbial biomass in soils treated with dairy shed effluent and ammonium fertilizer at different water potentials. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 29 178-186. 

The second focal point of concern as noted earlier is that certain pesticides as residues in soil, water, plants, may be nitrosated situ. While it is readily recognized that nitrite is an intermediate in the soil nitrogen cycle and in the presence of an acid or other suitable catalyst would be a potential nitro-sating agent in soil, however, under normal conditions, nitrite concentration is extremely low (49). Also, frequently cited is the possible circumstance that formation of nitrite from nitrate or ammonium fertilizers might promote the nitrosation of a pesticide (62). While with appropriate catalysts nitrosations can occur under neutral or even mildly alkaline conditions (63) there is sparse evidence of the reaction indeed occurring under these soil conditions (49). 

Ammonium Fertilizer and soil pH indicator/gas-diffusion Spectrophotometry 0.5-20 mgr filtration/reversed-phase extraction (semiautomated method) Extraction in a hydrochloric acid... 

In terms of mass, H2SO4 ranks first among the chemicals produced annually in the United States. In 1989, 40 billion kg was manufactured this amounts to nearly 160 kg for each person in the nation. The main uses of H2SO4 are the manufacture of phosphate and ammonium fertilizers, the synthesis of other chemicals, petroleum refining, and metallurgical applications. 

The choice of a fertilizer depends on its use and convenience. A fertilizer can be prepared as crystals or a powder, in a liquid solution, or as a gas such as ammonia. The ammonia and ammonium fertilizers are water soluble and quick-acting. Other forms may be made to slow-release by enclosing water-soluble ammonium salts in a thin plastic coating. The most commonly used fertilizer is NH4NO3 because it is easy to apply and has a high percent of N by mass. 

Ammonium fertilizer 10 15-25 9 Resistant little or no change Ertalon 66-GF30 ... 

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