Riparian zones

Fiebig, D. M., M. A. Lock, and C. Neal. 1990. Soil water in the riparian zone as a source of carbon for a headwater stream. Journal of Hydrology 116 217—237. 

Hill, A. R., and J. Warwick. 1987. Ammonium transformations in spring water within the riparian zone of a small woodland stream. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44 1948-1956. 

Paterson, K.G. and J.L. Schnoor (1992). Fate of alachlor and atrazine in a riparian zone field site. Water Environ. Res., 64 274—283. 

Only 50% of total nitrogen was bound to sediment (Schreiber et al., 1980). Nitrate uptake appeared to be linear with distance from the source, with an average of 20% and 50% removal in the first 8 and 16m of buffer strip, respectively (Vought et al., 1994). Jordan et al. (1993) found that most of the drop in nitrate levels within the riparian zone occurred abruptly at the edge of a floodplain within the forest, where the water table was nearest the surface and strong reducing conditions existed. 

Addy, K., Kellogg, D. Q., Gold, A. J., Groffnian, P. M., Perendo, G., and Sawyer, C. (2002). In situ push-puU method to determine ground water denitrification in riparian zones. J. Environ. Qual. 31, 1017-1024. 

There have been several subsequent dual isotope fertilizer studies. The high concentrations of NO in shallow groundwater in the Abbotsford aquifer, British Columbia (Canada), were attributed to nitrification of poultry manure, with lesser amounts of ammonium fertilizers (Wassenaar, 1995). A study of denitrification in a riparian zone showed a higher slope ( 0.7) for the relative fractionation of 5 0 to (Mengis et al., 1999). Nitrate from 10 major karst springs in Illinois during four different seasons was found to be mainly derived from nitrogen fertilizer (Panno et al., 2001). 

McGIynn B., McDonnell J. J., Shanley J., and Kendall C. (1999) Riparian zone flowpath dynamics. J. Hydrol. 222, 75-92. 

Mengis M., Schiff S. L., Harris M., English M. C., Aravena R., Elgood R. J., and MacLean A. (1999) Multiple geochemical and isotopic approaches for assessing ground water NOs-elimination in a riparian zone. Ground Water 37, 448-457. 

Puckett L. J., Cowdery T. J., McMahon P. B., Tomes L. H., and Stoner J. D. (2002) Using chemical, hydrologic, and age dating analysis to delineate redox processes and flow paths in the riparian zone of a glacial outwash aquifer-stream system. Water Resour. Res. 38(8), doi 10.1029/2001WR000396. 

HiU A. R. (1996) Nitrate removal in stream riparian zones. J. Environ. Qual. 25, 743—755. 

Grolfman P. M., Gold A. J., and Jacinthe P. A. (1998) Nitrous oxide production in riparian zones and groundwater. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst 52, 179-186. 

Species in this group occur in Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australasia. Their usual habitats are forests, more-open woodlands, riparian zones, and some types of agricultural areas. Most species are tropical, but some migratory species occur in temperate regions. 

A common comparison that is made is the use of sites upstream or up-gradient from the contaminated site for comparison. In a stream or river the upstream sites are not independent of the downstream sites since many organisms move upstream and downstream. The downstream site is also affected by the nutrients and other materials being transported from upstream. Other factors such as the size of the riparian zone, agriculture, and water temperature are likely to be different between the two sites. Finally, how do you take independent replicates for one site when they are connected by an ecological landscape ... 

Hydromorphological monitoring generally relies on series of elements such as assessment of quantity and dynamics of flow, connections to groundwater, continuity, channel patterns, width/depth variations, substrate conditions, structure and condition of the riparian zone in the case of rivers, residence time, lake depth variation, tidal flow regime, substrate condition and structure and condition of the intertidal zone, freshwater flow regime and direction and speed of dominant currents for transition/coastal waters. 

Laudon, H. and Bishop, K.H. (2006) Report on effects of altered soil temperature on the bioavailability of C and N in the riparian zone Euro-hmpacs, Deliverable No. 46. 

Cooper, A. B. 1990. Nitrate depletion in the riparian zone and stream channel of a small headwater catchment. Hydrobiologia 202 13-26. 

Figure 9.14. Relationship between McKnight et al. (2001) fluorescence index (FI) (a, b) and freshness index (jS/0 ) (c, d) to characteristics of land cover and nutrients for 34 watersheds. FI correlated positively with % of continuous cropland in the riparian zone (a) and negatively with % wetland in the riparian zone (square root transformed) (b) whereas (j8/a) correlated positively with both % of continuous cropland (c) and log total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) (d). These results support the ability of fluorescence indices to respond to changes in catchment and stream characteristics. (Adapted from Wilson and Xenopoulos, 2009.)...

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