Amines p-phenylenediamine

It has been known for a number of years that FD-MS is an effective analytical method for direct analysis of many rubber and plastic additives. Major components and impurities in commercial additives can be assessed quickly, and the FD-MS data can be used to help determine what (if any) additional analytical characterization is needed. Lattimer and Welch showed that FD-MS gives excellent molecular ion spectra for a number of polymer additives, including rubber accelerators (diWocarbamates, guanidines, benzothiazyl, and thiuram derivatives) antioxidants (hindered phenols, aromatic amines) p-phenylenediamine-based antiozonants, processing oils, and phthalate plasticizers. Zhu and Su characterized alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactants by FD-MS. Jackson et al. analyzed some plastic additives (hindered phenol antioxidants and a benzotriazole UV stabilizer) by FD-MS. ... 

In the DPD colorimetric method for the free chlorine residual, which is reported as parts per million of CI2, the oxidizing power of free chlorine converts the colorless amine N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine to a colored dye that absorbs strongly over the wavelength range of 440-580 nm. Analysis of a set of calibration standards gave the following results... 

AMNES - AMINES,AROMATIC - PHENYLENEDIAMINES] (Vol 2) N-(l,3-Dimethylbutyl)-NQphenyl-p-phenylenediamine [793-24-8]... 

Epichlorohydrin with bisphenol A. The curing agents may pose significant health hazards, e.g. amines (triethylamine, p-phenylenediamine, diethylenetriamine) or acid anhydrides (pyromellitic dianhydride)... 

Kemp and coworkers employed the pulse radiolysis technique to study the radiolysis of liquid dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with several amines as solutes [triphenylamine, and N, A, A, N -tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD)]. The radiolysis led to the formation of transient, intense absorptions closely resembling those of the corresponding amine radical cations. Pulse radiolysis studies determine only the product Ge, where G is the radiolytic yield and e is the molar absorption. Michaelis and coworkers measured e for TMPD as 1.19 X 10 m s and from this a G value of 1.7 is obtained for TMPD in DMSO. The insensitivity of the yield to the addition of electron scavenger (N2O) and excited triplet state scavenger (naphthalene) proved that this absorption spectrum belonged to the cation. 

Like most organic compounds, amines are inflammable. When they are solid at ambient temperature, they can also form explosive air/dust mixtures. Accidents of this type have been mentioned with p-phenylenediamine. 

Diacetyl-o-phenylenediamine AT -Diacetyl-m-phenylenedi amine AT -Diacetyl-p-phenylenediamine... 

Secondary amines synthesized by catalytic reductive alkylation of primary amines are used in a variety of fine and specialty chemical indnstries. For example, derivatives of cyclohexylamine are used as corrosion inhibitors, N-(l,3-dimethylbntyl)-N -phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6-PPD) is nsed as an anti-oxidant in rabber indnstiy, several dialkylated diamines are used in the coatings indnstiy, while they are nsed in the pharmacentical industry as pharmacophores (1-7). Harold Greenfield and co-workers have examined the ability of platinum group metals (PGM), base metals, and their snlfides to catalyze rednctive alkylation of primary and secotrdary amines (8-11). They found that different catalysts are optimal for the... 

Plasticiser/oil in rubber is usually determined by solvent extraction (ISO 1407) and FTIR identification [57] TGA can usually provide good quantifications of plasticiser contents. Antidegradants in rubber compounds may be determined by HS-GC-MS for volatile species (e.g. BHT, IPPD), but usually solvent extraction is required, followed by GC-MS, HPLC, UV or DP-MS analysis. Since cross-linked rubbers are insoluble, more complex extraction procedures must be carried out. The determination of antioxidants in rubbers by means of HPLC and TLC has been reviewed [58], The TLC technique for antidegradants in rubbers is described in ASTM D 3156 and ISO 4645.2 (1984). Direct probe EIMS was also used to analyse antioxidants (hindered phenols and aromatic amines) in rubber extracts [59]. ISO 11089 (1997) deals with the determination of /V-phenyl-/9-naphthylamine and poly-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (TMDQ) as well as other generic types of antiozonants such as IV-alkyl-AL-phenyl-p-phenylenediamines (e.g. IPPD and 6PPD) and A-aryl-AL-aryl-p-phenylenediamines (e.g. DPPD), by means of HPLC. 

LDPE or HDPE extracts has been determined colorimet-rically at 430 nm by oxidation with H202 in the presence of H2S04 [66]. p-Phenylenediamine derivatives such as Flexzone 3C, used as antiozonants in rubber products, have been determined colorimetrically after oxidation to the corresponding Wurster salts [67]. A wide range of amine AOs in polyolefins has been determined by the p-nitroaniline spectrophotometric procedure [68]. Monoethanolamine (MEA) in a slip agent in PE film has been determined as a salicylaldehyde derivative by spectrophotometric quantification at 385 nm [69]. Table 5.6 contains additional examples of the use of 1JV/VIS spectrophotometry for the determination of additives in polymers. 

Phenyl metallation, 16 91 Af-Phenyl-lV -(l,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine, 3 107 Ar-(Phenylmethylj-9-(tetrahydro-2i7-pyran-2-yl)-9H- purin-6-amine, 13 261 as a plant growth regulator, 13 37-38 4-Phenylol anchoring groups, 8 683t 4-Phenylphenol, chemiluminescence reagent enhancer, 5 845 o-Phenylphenol, antimicrobial used in cosmetics, 7 831t... 

In comparison with hydrocarbons, aromatic amines easily transform into cation radicals. Structures of these cation radicals are well documented on the basis of their ESR spectra and MO calculations (see, e.g., Grampp et al. 2005). The stable cation radical of A/,A,A, A -tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (the so-called Wuerster s blue) was one of the first ion radicals that was studied by ESR spectroscopy (Weissmann et al. 1953). The use of this cation radical as a spin-containing unit for high-spin molecules has been reported (Ito et al. 1999). Chemical oxidation of N,N -bis [4-(dimethylamino)-phenyl-A/,A -dimethyl-l,3-phenylenediamine with thianthrenium perchlorate in -butyronitrile in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid at 78°C led to the formation of the dication diradical depicted in Scheme 3.58. 

Frequent inflammation of the pharynx and larynx has heen reported in exposed workers. Very small quantities of the dust have caused asthmatic attacks in workers after periods of exposure ranging from 3 months to 10 years. Sensitization dermatitis has heen reported from its use in the fur dyeing industry. In this process, oxidation products of p-phenylenedi-amine are generated that are also strong skin sensitizers. Many instances of inflammation and damage of periocular and ocular tissue have been reported from contact with hair dyes containing p-phenylenediamine, presumably in sensitized individuals. ... 

V,Af-Dimethylaniline A A,A, AT-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine Cyclic amines 4,4 -Bipyridyl Quinoline Pyridine A-oxide Pyridinium chloride Hydroxides CsOH LiOH NaOH Triton B6 Alkylamines Ammonia Methylamine Ethylamine Propylamine Butylamine Decylamine Dodecylamine Tridecylamine Tetradecylamine Pentadecylamine Hexadecylamine Heptadecylamine Octadecylamine Tributylamine Miscellaneous Ammonium acetate Hydrazine Potassium formate Guanidine... 

The inhibition of hydrocarbon oxidation by aromatic tertiary amines which contain no labile hydrogen, such as N,N-dimethylaniline and N,N,N, N -tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, has been assigned to an electron-transfer process. However, this seems rather unlikely as pyridine... 

Reductive alkylation is an efficient method to synthesize secondary amines from primary amines. The aim of this study is to optimize sulfur-promoted platinum catalysts for the reductive alkylation of p-aminodiphenylamine (ADPA) with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) to improve the productivity of N-(l,3-dimethylbutyl)-N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6-PPD). In this study, we focus on Pt loading, the amount of sulfur, and the pH as the variables. The reaction was conducted in the liquid phase under kinetically limited conditions in a continuously stirred tank reactor at a constant hydrogen pressure. Use of the two-factorial design minimized the number of experiments needed to arrive at the optimal solution. The activity and selectivity of the reaction was followed using the hydrogen-uptake and chromatographic analysis of products. The most optimal catalyst was identified to be l%Pt-0.1%S/C prepared at a pH of 6. 

Trinitro-4-amino-diphenyl amine or N-Ptcryl-p-phenylenediamine, HaN C H4-NH-... 

Spallino [32] has obtained aniline, p-nitraniline, m- and p-phenylenediamine perchlorates, by treating the corresponding amine sulphates with barium perchlorate... 

---