Amines ethanolamine

Monoethanolamine contains both a hydroxy group and a primary amine group and will thus rmdergo reactions characteristic of both alcohols and amines. Ethanolamines will react with acids to form salts and esters. Discoloration and precipitation will take place in the presence of salts of heavy metals. Monoethanolamine reacts with acids, acid anhydtides, acid chlorides, and esters to form amide derivatives, and with propylene carbonate or other cyclic carbonates to give the corresponding carbonates. 

The mobile phase should be extremely pure and volatile so that the pure form of each separated component is easy to obtain see Problem 43 in Section 21.4. Volatile buffer reagents are acetic acid, trihuoroacetic acid, formic acid, ammonia, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, triethyl amine, trimethyl amine, ethanolamine and pyridine (see also Section 5.4). 

Amiaoethyl Alcohol (2-Hydroxyeihyl-amine, ethanolamine, calamine)... 

Bases suitable for adding to anionic resins include both organic bases such as tertiary amines, ethanolamines and morpholine, and inorganic bases such as sodium or potassium hydroxide or carbonate. 

Solvents used for hydrogen sulfide absorption include aqueous solutions of ethanolamine (monoethano1 amine, MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and diisopropanolarnine (DIPA) among others ... 

Air Monitoring. The atmosphere in work areas is monitored for worker safety. Volatile amines and related compounds can be detected at low concentrations in the air by a number of methods. Suitable methods include chemical, chromatographic, and spectroscopic techniques. For example, the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods has methods based on gas chromatography which are suitable for common aromatic and aHphatic amines as well as ethanolamines (67). Aromatic amines which diazotize readily can also be detected photometrically using a treated paper which changes color (68). Other methods based on infrared spectroscopy (69) and mass spectroscopy (70) have also been reported. 

SolubiHty of carbon dioxide in ethanolamines is affected by temperature, amine solution strength, and carbon dioxide partial pressure. Information on the performance of amines is available in the Hterature and from amine manufacturers. Values for the solubiHty of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide mixtures in monoethanolamine and for the solubiHty of carbon dioxide in diethanolamine are given (36,37). SolubiHty of carbon dioxide in monoethanolamine is provided (38). The effects of catalysts have been studied to improve the activity of amines and provide absorption data for carbon dioxide in both mono- and diethanolamine solutions with and without sodium arsenite as a catalyst (39). Absorption kinetics over a range of contact times for carbon dioxide in monoethanolamine have also been investigated (40). 

Ammonium acetate and sodium methoxide are effective catalysts for the ammonolysis of soybean oil (49). Polyfunctional amines and amino alcohols such as ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, and diethanolamine react to give useful intermediates. Ethylenediamine can form either a monoamide or a diamide depending on the mole ratio of reactants. With an equimolar ratio of reactants and a temperature of >250° C, a cyclization reaction occurs to give imidazolines with ethylenediamine (48) ... 

Corti and Manfrida [2] have also done detailed calculations of the performance of plant A2. They drew attention to the need to optimise the amines blend (including species such as di-ethanolamine and mono-ethanolamine) in the absorption process, if a removal efficiency of 80% is to be achieved and in order to reduce the heat required for regenerating the scrubbing solution. Their initial estimates of the penalty on efficiency are comparable to those of Chiesa and Consonni (about 6% compared with the basic CCGT plant) but they emphasise that recirculation of water from... 

Phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis begins with phosphorylation of ethanol-amine to form phosphoethanolamine (Figure 25.19). The next reaction involves transfer of a cytidylyl group from CTP to form CDP-ethanolamine and pyrophosphate. As always, PP, hydrolysis drives this reaction forward. A specific phosphoethanolamine transferase then links phosphoethanolamine to the diacylglycerol backbone. Biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine is entirely analogous because animals synthesize it directly. All of the choline utilized in this pathway must be acquired from the diet. Yeast, certain bacteria, and animal livers, however, can convert phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine by methylation reactions involving S-adenosylmethionine (see Chapter 26). 

Maximum conversion occurs by equilibration at the lowest possible temperature so the reaction is carried out sequentially on two beds of catalyst (a) iron oxide (400°C) which reduces the CO concentration from 11% to 3% (b) a copper catalyst (200°) which reduces the CO content to 0.3%. Removal of CO2 ( 18%) is effected in a scrubber containing either a concentrated alkaline solution of K2CO3 or an amine such as ethanolamine ... 

Bis(substituted amino)-4,8-bisethylthio (or carboxymethylthio)-pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidines (464) are aminated first at the 4-position with primary or secondary amines at 180° (2 hr) and then at the 8-position (200°, 4 hr). The 4,8-bisthioxo derivative of 464 is 4,8-diaminated with ethanolamine (170°, 1 hr). 2,6-Dianilino-4,8-dioxo(or diethoxy or dibenzyloxy) derivatives of 464 react at the 4-and 8-positions with primary or secondary amines at 180°. The 2,4,6,8-tetrachloro derivative is claimed to goto the tetrakis(triethylammonio) compound. ... 

The reaction of 5-methoxy-2(5//)-furanone 168 with amines was also studied (89T6799). The conjugated addition of ethanolamine to the furanone 168 gave the racemic amino lactone 275 (R = CH2CH20H). Similarly, piperazine reacted with two equivalents of 168 to provide the diadduct 276 as a single diastereomer (no traces of the other isomer were detected). With tryptamine, the reaction was nearly quantitative with the the formation the tran -adduct 277 (R = tryptophanyl) (Scheme 72) (89T6799). 

Reaction of dibenzylamine with ethylene oxide affords the amino alcohol, 82. Treatment of that product with thionyl chloride gives the a-sympathetic blocking agent, dibenamine (83). (Condensation of phenol with propylene chlorohydrin (84) gives the alcohol, 85. Reaction with thionyl chloride affords the chloride (86). Use of the halide to alkylate ethanolamine affords the secondary amine (87). Alkylation of this last with benzyl chloride... 

Mixture of amines. A suitable mixture for analysis can be prepared by accurately weighing roughly equal amounts of aniline and ethanolamine. The determination is best carried out using a solution made from about 4 g of each amine diluted to 100 mL with acetonitrile in a graduated flask. 

Properties of PS-A and PS-B (Shimomura, 1991b Shimomura et al., 1993b). Both PS-A and PS-B are colorless viscous liquid, and their absorption spectra resemble that of panal (Fig. 9.6). By NMR analysis and mass spectrometry, PS-A and PS-B are found to be 1-O-decanoylpanal and 1-O-dodecanoylpanal, respectively. As a minor component, 1-O-tetradecanoylpanal has also been isolated. PS-A and PS-B gain chemiluminescence activity when treated with the salt of primary amines (see below for the conditions). Taking the activity obtained with methylamine as 100%, the activities obtained with other amines were ethylamine, 38% ethanolamine, 10% propylamine, 20% hexylamine, 3% and decylamine, 1%. 

Sheratte55 reported the decomposition of polyurethane foams by an initial reaction with ammonia or an amine such as diethylene triamine (at 200°C) or ethanolamine (at 120°C) and reacting the resulting product containing a mixture of polyols, ureas, and amines with an alkylene oxide such as ethylene or propylene oxide at temperatures in the range of 120-140°C to convert the amines to polyols. The polyols obtained could be converted to new rigid foams by reaction with the appropriate diisocyanates. 

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