Amine plastic

Stainless steel, 316L and 304L, is the preferred material of constmction for shipment and storage of alkanolamines, if product quahty is of importance. Aluminum can be used for short term transport, at temperatures below 60°C, for the pure amines. Plastic liners have not been found acceptable for all alkanolamines. Phosphatized-lined steel dmms are used for transport of ethanlomaines and isopropanolamines, except MEA, which is shipped in high density polyethylene dmms to maintain low product color. Monoetbano1 amine and monoisopropanolamine are classified as DOT corrosive Hquids. 

UV stabilizer 0.05-3 Hindered amines. Plastics used outdoors... 

Amine plastics, and polyurethane polyols and cause staining. 

Uses Intermediate for amines, plasticizers, fatty acid esters, detergents process solvent... 

AMNES - AMINES,AROMATIC - PHENYLENEDIAMINES] (Vol 2) -as engineering resins [ENGINEERING PLASTICS] (Vol 9)... 

A further development in the coumarin series is the use of derivatives of 3-phenyl-7-aminocoumarin ((13) where R, R = Cl or substituted amines) as building blocks for a series of light-stable brighteners for various plastics and synthetic fibers, and, as the quatemi2ed compounds, for brightening polyacrylonitrile (62). 

Environmental Impact of Ambient Ozone. Ozone can be toxic to plants, animals, and fish. The lethal dose, LD q, for albino mice is 3.8 ppmv for a 4-h exposure (156) the 96-h LC q for striped bass, channel catfish, and rainbow trout is 80, 30, and 9.3 ppb, respectively. Small, natural, and anthropogenic atmospheric ozone concentrations can increase the weathering and aging of materials such as plastics, paint, textiles, and mbber. For example, mbber is degraded by reaction of ozone with carbon—carbon double bonds of the mbber polymer, requiring the addition of aromatic amines as ozone scavengers (see Antioxidants Antiozonants). An ozone decomposing polymer (noXon) has been developed that destroys ozone in air or water (157). 

Alkan olamines ate used in urethane coatings for glass shatter proofing (68) and have been utilized as amides, salts, or free amines in providing antifrosting, antifogging, and dirt-resistant films on glass and plastics (69—72). 

A significant use of ethoxylated and propoxylated amines is as antistatic agents (qv) in the textile and plastics industry (86). Ethoxylates are also used in the agricultural area as adjuvants. Ethoxylated fatty amines and derivatives are available from Akzo Chemicals Inc. (Ethomeen) (73) Henkel Corporation (Trymeen) (87) GAE Chemicals Corporation (RhcJ)ne Poulenc) (Katapol) (88) Jetco Chemicals Inc. (The Procter Gamble Company) (fet Amine) (75) Mazer Chemicals (PPG Industries) (Mazeen) (89) Sherex (Adogen) (76) and Tomah Products (Exxon Chemical Company) (Tomah E) (77). 

Ammonia is used in the fibers and plastic industry as the source of nitrogen for the production of caprolactam, the monomer for nylon 6. Oxidation of propylene with ammonia gives acrylonitrile (qv), used for the manufacture of acryHc fibers, resins, and elastomers. Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA), produced from ammonia and formaldehyde, is used in the manufacture of phenoHc thermosetting resins (see Phenolic resins). Toluene 2,4-cHisocyanate (TDI), employed in the production of polyurethane foam, indirectly consumes ammonia because nitric acid is a raw material in the TDI manufacturing process (see Amines Isocyanates). Urea, which is produced from ammonia, is used in the manufacture of urea—formaldehyde synthetic resins (see Amino resins). Melamine is produced by polymerization of dicyanodiamine and high pressure, high temperature pyrolysis of urea, both in the presence of ammonia (see Cyanamides). 

These compounds are used most frequentiy in combination with hindered phenols for a broad range of apphcations in mbber and plastics. They are also able to suppress color development caused by oxidation of the substrate and the phenoHc antioxidant. Unlike phenols and secondary aromatic amines, phosphoms-based stabilizers generally do not develop colored oxidation products. 

Nonionic surfactants perform well in nonpolar polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Examples of nonionic surfactants ate ethoxylated fatty amines, fatty diethanolamides, and mono- and diglycetides (see Amines, fatty amines Alkanolamines). Amphoteric surfactants find Httle use in plastics (134). 

Nearly all uses and appHcations of benzyl chloride are related to reactions of the active haUde substituent. More than two-thirds of benzyl chloride produced is used in the manufacture of benzyl butyl-phthalate, a plasticizer used extensively in vinyl flooring and other flexible poly(vinyl chloride) uses such as food packaging. Other significant uses are the manufacture of benzyl alcohol [100-51-6] and of benzyl chloride-derived quaternary ammonium compounds, each of which consumes more than 10% of the benzyl chloride produced. Smaller volume uses include the manufacture of benzyl cyanide [140-29-4], benzyl esters such as benzyl acetate [140-11-4], butyrate, cinnamate, and saUcylate, benzylamine [100-46-9], and benzyl dimethyl amine [103-83-8], and -benzylphenol [101-53-1]. In the dye industry benzyl chloride is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of triphenylmethane dyes (qv). First generation derivatives of benzyl chloride are processed further to pharmaceutical, perfume, and flavor products. 

The chemistry of melamine has been reviewed (63,64). Melamine, although moderately basic, is better considered as the triamide of cyanuric acid than as an aromatic amine (see Cyanuric AND ISOCYANURIC AClDs). Its reactivity is poor in nearly all reactions considered typical for amines. In part, this may be a result of its low solubiUty (see Amino resins and plastics). 

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