AMIDE COPOLYMER

A number of synthetic polymers having the abHity to control filtration rates at high temperature and in the presence of calcium and magnesium have also been developed (88). Such materials include vinyl sulfonate—vinyl amide copolymers (89,90), a copolymer of AMPS and A/,A/-dialkyl (meth) acrylamide (91) and a sulfonated hydroxylated polymer (92). AppHcation levels for these materials range from 5 to 18 kg/m (2—6 lb /bbl). Sulfonated asphalt is also used for high temperature filtration control. 

Alternating ester-amide copolymers behave differently. These copolymers have one Tg and one Tm and can crystallize quickly. Typical examples of these are die 4NT6 polymers in (3.6), die properties of which compare well with PA-6,6... 

Figure 3.11 Modulus as function of temperature of alternating ester-amide copolymers based on tetramethylenediamine-erephthalic acid 4NT6 with hexanediol 4NT5/7 with pentanediol - hep tanediol mixture.23...

Estane VC products, 201 Ester-amide copolymers, 146, 147 Esterases, 82 Esterification, direct, 63 Ester interchange catalysts, 71 Ester interchange reactions, 31, 62-63,... 

Amine-terminated siloxane oligomers have also been utilized in the synthesis of various siloxane-amide and siloxane-imide copolymers, High molecular weight siloxane-amide copolymers have been synthesized by the solution or interfacial co-polymerization of siloxane oligomers with sebacoyl chloride or terephthaloyl chloride respectively 1S5,165). In some reactions diamine chain extenders have also been utilized. Thermal and dynamic mechanical characterization of these copolymers have shown the formation of multiphase systems160). Compression molded films displayed very good elastomeric properties. 

Siloxane-amide copolymers 30, 33 Siloxane-amide-imide copolymers 30 Siloxane-fary] ether) copolymers 43 - —, properties of 43,44 - —, synthesis of 43, 44 Siloxane-bismaleimides 35 Siloxane bond length of 6... 

Compound A is a novel poly(ester amide) copolymer that can be used as a bioabsorbable coating for the controlled release of drugs. A is a copolymer of four monomers, two of which are amino acids or amino acid derivatives The body s enzymes recognize the naturally occurring amino acids in the polymer backbone, allowing for controlled enzymatic breakdown of the polymer and steady release of an encapsulated drug. Identify the four monomers used to synthesize A then use Figure 28.2 to name the two amino acids. 

Gallot et al. [60] used hpopeptides to produce stable water-in-oil macroemulsions with a droplet diameter greater than 1 pm. In the presence of a cosurfactant, these emulsions could be transformed into miniemulsions containing droplets of 100-400 nm in diameter (cetyl alcohol) or microemulsions with droplets of lO-lOOnm (C4 amine or alcohol). lipopeptide-alkyl(meth)acrylamide copolymers and acrylamidohposarcosine-alkylacryl-amide copolymers were further used as emulsifiers of cosmetic oils [61]. 

Amide Derivatives of MA-1,3-Dioxepin Copolymers. ID-MA copolymer (4.0g) was combined with 30ml aniline and stirred under nitrogen for 48 hr. at room temperature. After 24 hr. all the dispersed copolymer had dissolved in the aniline solution. The amide copolymer was precipitated with diethyl ether. The copolymer was purified by dissolving in methanol/acetone (50/50, v/v), reprecipitation from diethyl ether and drying in vacuo for 24 hr. at 58°C. 

Measurements. The monomer to polymer conversion for the DADMAC and AMBTAC homopolymers was measured by liquid chromatography. The DADMAC content in the precipitated DADMAC/acryl-amide copolymers was measured by Cl titration. 

Newer materials are being developed which lie between plastics and elastomers. One of these is a polyether block amide copolymer developed by ATO Chemie, Europe, called Pebax. This is a tough, highly flexible material which by changing the ratio of ether and amide can have a wide balance between hardness and flexibility. Currently this material is relatively expensive ( 3,000- 5,000 per tonne). 

The polyacrylate polymers and a derivative of a vinyl acetate maleic anhydride copolymer cause V30 to decrease monotonically with increasing polymer concentration, similar to the CMC polymers (Figure 46). The polymers PVA and poly(vinyl pyridinium) (PVP) hydrochloride markedly increased V30 at low concentration at concentrations above 1 g of polymer per gram of added bentonite PVA functions as a static fluid loss additive. The maximum in the API fluid loss at low PVA concentrations approximately coincides with the maximum in the yield stress and plastic viscosity found by Heath and Tadros (75). The increased static fluid loss is consistent with Heath and Tadros s conclusion that bentonite is flocculated by low concentrations of PVA. The concentration of PVA required to decrease V30 below that of the neat bentonite suspension is significantly larger than the concentration of CMC, where effective static fluid loss control can be achieved at polymer bentonite weight ratios of about 0.1 g/g. More effective fluid loss control has been achieved with other synthetic polymers such as poly(vinyl sulphonate)-poly(vinyl amide) copolymer (40) and other sulphonated polymers (39). 

Recent investigations [42] incorporate fluoresceinamine into an N.TV -methylenebisacryl-amide copolymer covalently attached to a glass fiber whose surface is modified by plasma deposition followed by acrylamide photopolymerization. The sensor displays a reversible... 

Kopecek, J., Rejmanova, P., Duncan, R. and Lloyd, J.B. (1985) Controlled release of drug model from N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacryl-amide copolymers. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 446 93-104. 

ABU Abu-Sharidi, B.F., Hamad, E.Z., and Ah, S.A., Influence of hydrophobe content on phase coexistence curves of aqueous two-phase solutions of associative polyaciyl-amide copolymers and poly(ethylene glycol), J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 89,1351,2003. 

Ifuku, S. Kadla, J.E. Preparation of a thermosensitive highly regioselective ceUulose/N-isopropylacryl-amide copolymer through atom transfer radical polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2008, 9 (11),... 

To meet the requirements listed above, the polymers must be chosen among polyacryl amide or polyacrylic acid compositions, acrylic amide copolymers or a water solution of acrylic amide with cross-linking additives. 

Aery 1 ate/acry 1 amide copolymer Determined diffusion coefficients by photon correlation light scattering ... 

Pebax polyether block amide copolymers consist of regular linear chains of rigid polyamide blocks and flexible polyether blocks. They are injection molded, extruded, blow molded, thermoformed, and rotational molded. 

DeFife K, Gopalan S, Price S, Cruz-Aranda G, Chantung R and Tumell W (2005), Novel poly(ester amide) copolymers are blood and tissue compatible , 30th Annual Meeting of the Society for Biomaterials, Memphis, TN, 27-30 April 2005,159. 

VINYL SULFONATE/VINYL AMIDE COPOLYMERS AS TEMPERATURE- AND SALT-STABLE THICKENERS FOR EOR FLOODING PROCESSES... 

Vinyl Sulfonate/Viny1 Amide Copolymers in Drilling Fluids for Deep, High-Temperature Wells... 

Oligopeptide sequences can be incorporated into N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacryl-amide copolymers (for the different methods used see section 2) which serve as potential drug attachment/release sites and experiments have been carried out to investigate whether such sequences could be efficiently cleaved by lysosomal enzymes. 

Meunier F, Elaissari A, Pichot C. Preparation and characterization of cationic polyfn-isopropylacryl-amide) copolymer latexes. Polym. Adv. Technol. 1995 6 489-496. 

The NMR studies of copolymers containing an amide comonomer revealed some peculiarities. In all amide copolymers the amount of saturated end groups was higher than the amount of double bonds. Termination by chain transfer to aluminum results in the polymer chains having Al-C bonds, which normally undergo hydrolysis to saturated end groups during the polymer workup [140]. It has been reported that transfer to aluminum, which is normally a minor chain termination mechanism in metallocene-mediated polymerizations, may become... 

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