Mass spectrometry ambient

A new generation of mass spectrometer inlets allow for direct sampling of a substrate under ambient conditions. Theoretically, this eliminates the need for any sample preparation. Examples include direct analysis in real time (DART) and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), as well as desorption atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (DAPCI) and atmospheric solids analysis probe (ASAP). These techniques utilize a source of energy interacting directly with a sample surface at ambient pressure, causing molecules of interest to desorb, ionize, and be sampled by a mass spectrometer. 

With DART, an electric potential is applied to a gas forming a high-energy plasma containing ions, electrons, and excited-state (metastable) atoms and molecules. This plasma interacts with the sample, causing desorption and ionization of compounds. Some ionization of analytes may occur via proton transfer as the plasma produces ionized water species. In DESI, a charged solvent spray hits the sample surface. Large molecules are desorbed 

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Z. Takats, J. M. Wiseman and R. G. Cooks, Ambient mass spectrometry using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) instmmentation, mechanisms and applications in forensics, chemistry, and biology, J. Mass Spectrom., 40, 1261 1275 (2005). 

Recent innovations in ionization techniques have allowed the development of ambient mass spectrometry. Mass spectra can be determined for samples in their native environment without sample preparation. Although the ambient mass spectrometry technique is still in its infancy, its potential for serving as a tool of choice for high-throughput bioanalysis is very encouraging. 

R. G. Ambient mass spectrometry using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) instrumentation, mechanisms and applications in forensics, chemistry, and biology. 

Cooks, R. G. Ouyang, Z. Takats, Z. Wiseman, J. M. Detection technologies ambient mass spectrometry. Science 2006, 311, 1566-1570. 

Cooks RG, Ouyang Z, Takats Z, Wiseman JM, Ambient mass spectrometry. Science 2006 311(5767) 1566-1570. 

Yao, Z.-P. 2012. Characterization of proteins by ambient mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 31 437-447. 

Direct analysis in real time (DART) is another ambient mass spectrometry technique that has emerged recently [92]. Electronically excited helium or vibronic excited-state species of nitrogen (i.e., metastable helium atoms or nitrogen molecules) are, however, the primary beam particles in this approach. These species are produced by electrical discharge of the respective gases. The beam is directed toward the mass spectrometer orifice or reflected off a sample surface into the... 

X. Ma, S. Zhang and X. Zhang, An Instrumentation Perspective on Reaction Monitoring by Ambient Mass Spectrometry , TrAC, Trend. Anal. Chem., [online computer file], 2012, 35, 50. 

Gross, J.H. (2011) Chapter 13, Ambient Mass Spectrometry. In Mass Spectrometry. A Textbook, 2nd Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 

Takats, Z., Wiseman, J.M., Cooks, R.G. (2005) Ambient Mass Spectrometry Using Desorption Electrospray Ionization (DESI) Instrumentation, Mechanisms and Applications in Forensics, Chemistry, and Biology. J. Mass Spectrom. 40 1261-1275. 

Lin, J.-Y, Chen, T.-Y., Chen, J.-Y., Chen, Y.-C. (2010) Multilayer Gold Nanoparticle-assisted Thermal Desorption Ambient Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Small Organics. Analyst 135 2668-2675. 

Albert, A., Engelhard, C. (2012) Characteristics of Low-temperature Plasma Ionization for Ambient Mass Spectrometry Compared to Electrospray Ionization and Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization. Anal. Chem. 84 10657-10664. 

Chingin, K., Liang, J., Chen, H. (2014) Direct Analysis of In Vitro Grown Microorganisms and Mammalian Cells by Ambient Mass Spectrometry. RSC Adv. 4 5768-5781. 

Chapter 7, titled Interfacing TLC with Laser-Based Ambient Mass Spectrometry, provides an overview of mass spectrometric techniques that can be coupled with TLC under the most convenient working conditions, that is, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The authors introduce readers to electrospray laser desorption ionization (ELDI), plasma-assisted multiwavelength laser desorption/ionization (PAMLDI), laser desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (LD-APCI), laser desorption-dual electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization I (LD - ESI-I-APCI), laser-induced acoustic desorption electrospray ionization (LIAD-ESI), and laser-induced acoustic desorption-dielectric barrier discharge ionization (LIAD-DBDI). Chapters 6 and 7 are largely complementary because in the former one, main attention is paid to practical applications of a wide number of... 

Crawford, E. and Musselman, B. 2014. Planar chromatography meets direct ambient mass spectrometry Current trends, HPTLC 2014, Lyon, France, July 2-4, Abstract... 

Han F., Yang Y., Ouyang J., and Na N. 2015. Direct analysis of in-gel proteins by carbon nanotubes-modified paper spray ambient mass spectrometry. Analyst, 140 710-715. 

Interfacing TLC with Laser-Based Ambient Mass Spectrometry... 

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