Aluminum oxide naming

Aluminum oxide, which has the mineral name corundum, is a solid that has several important uses. Because it will withstand very high temperatures, it is a refractory material, and because of its hardness it is commonly used in abrasives. Corundum often contains traces of other metals that impart a color to the crystals, making them valuable as gemstones. For example, ruby contains a small amount of chromium oxide, which causes the crystal to have a red color. By adding a small amount of a suitable metal oxide, it is possible to produce gemstones having a range of colors. 

In order to understand the general behavior of the tested materials, scoping tests were conducted in 25 mg/L gold(III)-chloride solutions at 25°C and 80°C with different initial pH values, namely 1.5, 4 and 8. After the start of the experiment the pH was not further adjusted, i.e., it could change freely. It remained similar to the initial pH in all cases. From these tests it was found that, in the case of the iron-oxide based adsorbents, dissolution of the solid took place at pHaluminum oxides and titanium oxide was observed at this pH. At pH>2 all adsorbents were found to be stable and did not dissolve during the experiment. 

Chemical Compound Aluminum oxide (AI2O3) Mineral Name Corundum Synonym a-Alumina CAS 1344-28-1... 

Aluminum (properly called aluminium, but the former name prevails in North America) is found in combination with Si and 0 as aluminosilicates in rocks, and as its ore, bauxite. The metal finds use in vehicles, aircraft, packaging, cookware, construction materials, etc., while aluminum salts are used in baking powders, water treatment, and dyeing of textiles. Aluminum oxide is widely used as a refractory and as a support for catalysts. Aluminosilicate catalysts such as zeolites are of key importance in the chemical and petroleum industries. 

There are three fundamental stages in the process of manufacture of Portland cement, namely. (I) preparation of the raw mixture. (2) production of the clinker. (3) preparation of Ihe cement. Whether the process used is wet or dry. the raw materials are selected, analyzed, and mixed so dial, alter ireatmeni, Ihe product, or clinker, has a desired, narrowly specified composition A factory analysis of slurry, where the wet process is in use. is as follows calcium oxide 44%. aluminum oxide 3.5%. silicon oxide... 

Like many elements, aluminum s name derives from the Latin because the Roman Empire used two of its naturally occurring minerals, alum (a potassium-aluminum sulfate) and alumina (aluminum oxide). It was isolated in 1825 by H. C. Oersted after decades of suspicion that it existed. 

When writing a chemical formula, you learned that you write the metal element first. Similarly, the metal comes first when naming a chemical compound. For example, sodium chloride is formed from the metal sodium and the non-metal chlorine. Think of other names you have seen in this chapter, such as beryllium chloride, calcium oxide, and aluminum oxide. In each case, the metal is first and the non-metal is second. In other words, the cation is first and the anion is second. This is just one of the rules in chemical nomenclature the system that is used in chemistry for naming compounds. 

The name rare earths is a misnomer since these elements are neither rare nor earths. The name rare earths referring to elements with atomic numbers 58 to 71 may have arisen because they were initially isolated as oxides which, in some ways, resemble calcium, magnesium and aluminum oxides known as common earths. A chronological summary of the discovery of the elements is given in Table 1.1. 

Clay Colloids. Three clay minerals are important components of the clay colloid fraction of soils, namely, montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite (Adams, 1973). Mont-morillonite consists of one layer of aluminum oxide between two layers of silicon oxide (Figure 11.2). An important feature of this mineral is its multilayer arrangement, which permits smaller molecules such as pesticides to penetrate between them. This is referred to as an "expanding lattice" clay. Illite is also a three-layer clay but it does not form multilayers. Kaolinite is a two-layer mineral of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide. 

Figure 8.7 The aluminum oxides and hydroxides and their temperatures of interconversion. Hydroxide materials are named along with their chemical formulae oxides all have the composition AI2O3 and so are indicated by the Greek letter associated with the phase. The a-phase is indicated in large font and bold as it is the thermodynamically most stable oxide. Adapted from reference [61].

Early chemists did not study the jacinth stone very carefully. They thought it was another form of alumina (aluminum oxide). Alumina was a well-known mineral at the time. In fact, it was not until Klaproth undertook the study of the jacinth stone that he realized it contained a new element. Klaproth at first referred to the stone as Jargon of Ceylon. When he knew that he had found a new element, he suggested the name zirconium for it. 

Alumina The common name for aluminum oxide. In a finely divided state, used as a stationary phase in adsorption chromatography also finds application as a support for a liquid stationary phase in HPLC. 

Alumina is the common name for aluminum oxide. It is used to produce aluminum metal, to make sandpaper and other abrasives, and to separate mixtures of chemicals by a technique called chromatography. Aluminum is in Group 13, so it loses its three outer electrons to become an Al + ion oxygen is in Group 16 and has six valence electrons, so it gains two electrons to become an 0 ion. 

When dehydrated in the presence of acidic catalysts as phosphorous pentoxide, phosphoric acid, or sulfuric acid at temperatures below 160° C., both 1-butanol and 2-butanol gave a mixed 2-butene free from 1-butene.80 Phosphoric acid did not attack 1-butanol under the conditions. With phosphoric acid on pumice, aluminum phosphate, or aluminum oxide as catalyst 2-butanol decomposed largely to 2-butene with small amounts of 1-butene. The decomposition of 1-butanol to 1-butene over these three catalysts increased in the order named, reaching 73 per cent in the presence of alumina.00 47... 

Write the formulas that correspond to the following names (a) aluminum oxide (used to waterproof fabrics), (b) cobalt(III) fluoride (used to add fluorine atoms to compounds), (c) iron(II) sulfate (in enriched flour), (d) ammonium hydrogen phosphate (coats vegetation to retard forest flres), and (e) potassium bicarbonate (in Are extinguishers). 

Many ionic componnds are binary compounds, or compounds formed from just two elements. For binary componnds the first element named is the metal cation, followed by the nonmetallic anion. Thus NaCl is sodium chloride. The anion is named by taking the first part of the element name (chlorine) and adding -ide. Potassium bromide (KBr), zinc iodide (Znl2), and aluminum oxide (AI2O3) are also binary componnds. Table 2.2 shows the -ide nomenclature of some common monatomic anions according to their positions in the periodic table. 

In these binary compounds the metals take the name of the element, and the anion s name begins with the element but takes the ending -ide. For example, potassium chloride (KCl), aluminum oxide (AI2O3), calcium fluoride (CaF2). 

Synonyms/Trade Names Alumina, Aluminum oxide, Aluminum trioxide [Note a-Alumina is the main component of technical grade alumina. Corundum is natural AI2O3. Emery is an impure crystalline variety ofAl203.] ... 

ISynonyms/Trade Names Aluminum oxide, Aluminum trioxide, Corundum, Impure corundum. I ... 

The nitrogen used is obtained by fractionation of liquid air and the hydrogen by the oxidation of hydrocarbons (from natural gas). The nitrogen and hydrogen are purified and mixed in the correct proportions. The equilibrium amount of ammonia is favoured by low temperatures, but in practice the reaction would never reach equilibrium at normal temperatures. An optimum temperature of about 450°C is therefore used. High pressure also favors the reaction and a pressure of about 250 atmospheres is used. The catalyst is iron with small amounts of potassium and aluminum oxides present. The yield is about 15%. Ammonia is condensed out of the gas mixture at -50°C. The process is named for the German physical chemist Fritz Haber (1868-1934). 

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