Aluminium chloride oxide

AgP2 SILVER DIPHOSPHIDE 12 AlOCI ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE OXIDE 53... 

AgP3 SILVER TRIPHOSPHIDE 13 AIOCI[g] ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE OXIDE (GAS) 53... 

Prepared by the dehydration of benzamide. Hydrolysed by dilute acids and alkalis to benzoic acid. Good solvent. benzopheDone,C]3HioO,PhC(0)Ph. Colourless rhombic prisms, m.p. 49 C, b.p. 306°C. Characteristic smell. It is prepared by the action of benzoyl chloride upon benzene in the presence of aluminium chloride (Friedel-Crafts reaction) or by the oxidation of di-phenylmethane. It is much used in perfumery. Forms a kelyl with sodium. 

Metals in higher oxidation states form halides which are essentially covalent, for example AICI3, SnCl, FeClj when these compounds dissolve in water they do so by a strongly exothermic process. Indeed it is perhaps incorrect to think of this only as a dissolution process, since it is more like a chemical reaction—but to differentiate for a particular substance is not easy, as we shall see. The steps involved in the case of aluminium chloride can be represented as... 

The preparation of 4-methylcoumarin is an example of the Pechmann reaction, which consists in the interaction of a phenol with a 3-ketonic ester In the presence of a condensing agent (sulphuric acid, aluminium chloride, phosphorus oxychloride or pho.sphoric oxide) ... 

Benzaldehyde.—The aldehydes of the aromatic seiies may also be obtained by the oxidation of a methyl side-chain with chromium oxychloride. The solid brown product, C,H,.CH.)(CrO,CL)2, formed by adding C1O2CIJ to toluene, dissolved in carbon bisulphide, is decomposed with water, and benzaldehyde sepaiates out (Etard). Other methods for pie-paring aromatic aldehydes are (i) the Fiiedel-Crafts reaction, in which a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride aie passed into the hydrocaibon in presence of aluminium chloride and a little cuprous chloride,... 

Chlorination. When 75 was treated with chlorine in the presence of aluminium chloride, initial chlorination took place at the 5-position, but the reaction was rather unselective 5,8-di-, 5,7,8-tri-, and 5,6,7,8-tetra-chloroisoquinolines were also formed (64JOC329). Perchlorination has been achieved by initial reaction of the isoquinoline-aluminium chloride complex with chlorine, as above, followed by treatment with phosphorus pentachloride at 270°C in an autoclave [66JCS(C)2328]. Treatment of 1,8-dimethylisoquinoline with NCS gave the 5-chloro derivative (91NKK-1193). Meisenheimer reaction of isoquinoline 2-oxides with phosphoryl chloride gave 1-chloroisoquinoline (84MI2). 

Freeder, B. G. et al., J. Loss Prev. Process Ind., 1988, 1, 164-168 Accidental contamination of a 90 kg cylinder of ethylene oxide with a little sodium hydroxide solution led to explosive failure of the cylinder over 8 hours later [1], Based on later studies of the kinetics and heat release of the poly condensation reaction, it was estimated that after 8 hours and 1 min, some 12.7% of the oxide had condensed with an increase in temperature from 20 to 100°C. At this point the heat release rate was calculated to be 2.1 MJ/min, and 100 s later the temperature and heat release rate would be 160° and 1.67 MJ/s respectively, with 28% condensation. Complete reaction would have been attained some 16 s later at a temperature of 700°C [2], Precautions designed to prevent explosive polymerisation of ethylene oxide are discussed, including rigid exclusion of acids covalent halides, such as aluminium chloride, iron(III) chloride, tin(IV) chloride basic materials like alkali hydroxides, ammonia, amines, metallic potassium and catalytically active solids such as aluminium oxide, iron oxide, or rust [1] A comparative study of the runaway exothermic polymerisation of ethylene oxide and of propylene oxide by 10 wt% of solutions of sodium hydroxide of various concentrations has been done using ARC. Results below show onset temperatures/corrected adiabatic exotherm/maximum pressure attained and heat of polymerisation for the least (0.125 M) and most (1 M) concentrated alkali solutions used as catalysts. 

On adding one drop of nitrobenzene to an equimolar, ten millimolar, mixture of the other two solids a violent reaction produced gas and carbonaceous material. This was initially attributed to the oxidative powers of the nitrobenzene [1], However, diphenylacetylene is a high energy molecule, AH°f +315 kJ/mole. At least 98% of the potential chemical energy present will have been the diphenylacetylene. It is probable that the nitrobenzene merely provided a liquid phase in which the aluminium chloride could interact with the acetylene, catalysing reaction beyond the intended azulene dimerisation product[2]. 

Oxidative coupling55 of the acetylenic alcohol 146 under Eglinton conditions followed by acidic treatment of the product gave the aldehydes 147 (37%) and 148 (8%). Wittig reaction of aldehyde 147 and the bisphosphonium salt 120 with 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene as base gave the [21]annulenone 149. This on reduction with lithium aluminium hydride-aluminium chloride gave the homoannulene... 

Passive oxidation of mine water from the Maude Mine removes up to 98% of the contained As through precipitation of ferrihydrite and scavenging of As from solution. The remaining arsenic in the water can be removed by the use of the coagulating agents poly-aluminium chloride or ferric chloride. 

Anthraquinone itself is traditionally available from the anthracene of coal tar by oxidation, often with chromic acid or nitric acid a more modern alternative method is that of air oxidation using vanadium(V) oxide as catalyst. Anthraquinone is also produced in the reaction of benzene with benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride (6.4 phthalic anhydride) using a Lewis acid catalyst, typically aluminium chloride. This Friedel-Crafts acylation gives o-benzoylbenzoic acid (6.5) which undergoes cyclodehydration when heated in concentrated sulphuric acid (Scheme 6.2). Phthalic anhydride is readily available from naphthalene or from 1,2-dimethylbenzene (o-xylene) by catalytic air oxidation. 

Acrylic acid, Initiator, Water, 1148 Aluminium chloride, Water, 0062 Barium peroxide, Propane, 0216 1,3-Benzodithiolium perchlorate, 2677 1,1 -Bis(fluorooxy)tetrafluoroethane, 0641 Borane-tetrahydrofuran, 0138 Boron tribromide, Water, 0122 Bromine, Aluminium, Dichloromethane, 0261 Bromine, Tungsten, Tungsten trioxide, 0261 f 1,3-Butadiene, 1480 Calcium oxide, Water, 3937 Chlorine trifluoride, Refractory materials, 3981 Chromium trioxide, Acetic acid, 4242 Copper(II) oxide, Boron, 4281 Diazoacetonitrile, 0675 Dihydroxymaleic acid, 1447 Ethyl azide, 0872... 

Initially Robinson and Sugasawa (8) proposed that laudanosoline (5), prepared from laudanosine (4) by O-demethylation with aluminium chloride in refluxing xylene, could be oxidized to an aporphine or morphine prototype. To demonstrate that no rearrangement had occurred, 4 was regenerated from 5 by O-methylation. Oxidation of 5 was accomplished with chloranil in buffered alcohol solution, and 6 was isolated in 60% yield as the chloride (Scheme 1). Di-benzopyrrocoline 6 was also obtained in 30-50% yield when aqueous solutions... 

Laux Process. This is a modification of the Bechamp process for the iron reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline which leaves iron oxide as the residue. Incorporation of iron or aluminium chlorides into the reduction process produces high quality yellow and red iron oxide pigments... 

Phenoxathiin and thianthrene can be chlorinated without oxidation into the corresponding sulfoxides using sulfuryl chloride and AICI3 to form the 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro derivatives 41 and 42, respectively. Use of BMS reagent- a mixture of sulfur monochloride, sulfuryl chloride, and aluminium chloride - results in exhaustive chlorination of phenoxathiin and thianthrene with formation of perchlorinated products 43 and 44. It is noteworthy that using sulfuryl chloride in dichloromethane, the sulfoxides were isolated as the major products <1997CHE333>. 

If well-dried ammonia gas is passed over freshly sublimed aluminium chloride ammonia is rapidly absorbed, heat is developed, and the whole mass fuses and then gradually solidities as more ammonia is absorbed, leaving a white voluminous powder of composition A1C13.GNH3 or [A1(NH3)6]C13. Hexammino-aluminium chloride is stable at ordinary temperature and is much less hygroscopic than the chloride. It is decomposed by water with formation of aluminium hydroxide, and when heated in dry air is oxidised, yielding the oxide and ammonium chloride. If heated in an atmosphere of dry hydrogen it loses ammonia and passes into diammino-aluminium chloride, [A1(NH3)2]C13.5 Triammino-aluminium chloride obtained in this way by Persoz was not found by Stillmann and Yoder. 

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