Allergen-controlled system

Several years later, as a line extension, paste-type or cream-type facial cleansers were launched with the same idea, which helped expand the mild-cleanser market in Japan. At the same time there were epidemic problems of hyperpigmentation by some cosmetic products in Japan. Nakayama et al. [8,9] proposed an allergen-controlled system (ACS) to treat such patients, and... 

H. Nakayama, H. Hanaoka, and A. Oshiro, Allergen Controlled System, Kane-hara Shuppan Co., Tokyo, 1974. 

B. Status asthmaticus is a dangerous exacerbation of asthma symptoms. It requires immediate and aggressive treatment with oxygen, inhaled bronchodilators, and systemic corticosteroids. Hospitalization of the patient is often indicated. By definition, status asthmaticus is not a condition in which symptoms are well controlled. Neither cromolyn sodium nor a leukotriene modulator is indicated for the treatment of status asthmaticus, as their onset of action is too slow. Status asthmaticus often does not resolve without aggressive intervention. Indeed, the patient s condition can deteriorate rapidly to death. Upper respiratory tract infection or excessive exposure to an allergen often precedes status asthmaticus, as does increased use of inhaled bronchodilators. 

Blais, B.W., Gaudereault, M., and Phillippe, L.M. 2003. Multiplex enzyme immunoassay system for the simultaneous detection of multiple allergens in foods. Food Control 14 43 17. 

The results are evaluated in comparison to controls with regard to induction of erythema and skin oedema. A similar scoring system is used as in the case of dermal irritation. The signs of local dermal inflammation determine the degree of the allergenic potential (Draize 1944 OECD 1981 Klecak 1983). 

All patients and control subjects were first routinely tested as follows SPT was performed with a standard panel of aeroallergens (including 5 molds) and blood samples were taken for total and specific IgE determination. RAST for IgE antibodies to A. altemata (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) was performed by using the allergen-specific CAP system with results converted into RAST classes from 0 to 4 according to the manufacturer s instructions. No antihistamine medication was used by any subject. Six of the 7 patients (but no control subjects) were RAST positive with a RAST class greater than 2. One patient was negative, but this person still showed a positive skin reaction to mf A. altemata enolase (see below). 

The benefit to harm balance in desensitization treatment was examined in a meta-analysis published in 1995, covering 20 randomized, placebo-controlled, doubleblind trials of allergen immunotherapy for asthma. Systemic reactions occurred in a mean of 32% (20-44%) of patients, but anaphylaxis was reported on only four occasions. It was concluded that immunotherapy was a treatment option in highly selected patients with extrinsic allergic asthma where a clinically relevant and unavoidable allergen is identified (7). 

---