Allergens systems

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS chronic allergen systemic effects are unknown. 

Anaphylaxis most commonly starts with symptoms on the skin or the respiratory tract (table 2). The symptomatology is variable there is no obligatory involvement of all organ systems. A major characteristic of anaphylaxis is the rather rapid onset of symptoms after contact with the elicitor. The interval varies between a few seconds or minutes until 1 or 2 h, partly dependent upon the route of application (rapid onset after intravenous allergen exposure) and degree of sensitization. Experience in insect sting anaphylaxis in... 

The route of antigen administration can alter the speed of antigen access to the circulation and, thus, the systemic symptoms in anaphylaxis models. For example, allergen ingestion typically induces anaphylaxis that includes gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea [4]. These intestinal anaphylaxis models in mice are dependent on IgE-induced mast cell activation, and the release of PAF and serotonin (rather than histamine) [1,4]. 

Fig. 2. IgG-mediated systemic versus local anaphylaxis, a IgG-mediated systemic anaphylaxis. When allergen-IgG immune complexes are formed in the circulation, basophils immediately capture them through IgG receptors on their surface and are activated to release PAF, that in turn act on vascular endothelial cells, leading to increased vascular permeability, b Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. When allergen-IgG immune complexes are formed in the skin, they stimulate tissue-resident mast cells to release chemical mediators such as histamine, leading to local inflammation. 

Carter MC, Uzzaman A, Scott LM, et al Pediatric mastocytosis routine anesthetic management for a complex disease. Anesth Analg 2008 107 422-427. Bonadonna R Zanotti R, Caruso B, et al Allergen-specific immunotherapy is safe and effective in patients with systemic mastocytosis and Hymenoptera allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008 121 256-257. 

Capobianco F. Butteroni C. Barletta B. Corinti S, Afferni C. Tinghino R. Boirivant M, Di Felice G Oral sensitization with shrimp tropomyosin induces in mice allergen-specific IgE. T-cell response and systemic anaphylactic reactions. Int Immunol 2008 20 1077-1086. 

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