Alkylating agents ovarian cancer

Melphalan (L-PAM) Alkylating agent hreast and ovarian cancer Leukopenia hone marrow suppression gran u 1 ocy to pen i a pancytopenia... 

Compared to other solid tumors, ovarian cancer is relatively responsive to chemotherapy, but unlike testicular cancer, cure is not common for patients with advanced disease. Prior to the incorporation of cisplatin or carboplatin into treatment regimens, chemotherapy for advanced-stage ovarian cancer consisted of combinations of alkylating agents and doxorubicin. Response rates from such regimens were of the order of 33-65%, and fewer than 10% of patients survived 5 years [51]. 

Alkylating agents have been implicated in the causation of secondary tumors, including acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes (69), solid tumors (70,71), Hodgkin s disease (72,73), ovarian cancer (74,75), and gastric cancer (69). Survival from the time of diagnosis of secondary malignancies is usually very short (69). 

Chlorambucil is an alkylating agent that retards or stops growth of cancer cells. It is used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia, malignant lymphomas such as lymphosarcoma, giant follicular lymphoma, ovarian cancer, and Hodgkin s disease. 

Indications Palliative treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer Category Alkylating agent Half-life 13 hours... 

Cisplatin, an alkylating agent, is indicated as an adjunctive therapy in metastatic testicular cancer adjunctive therapy in metastatic ovarian cancer, head and neck cancers, lung cancer, and esophageal cancer, and in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer (see also Figure 15). 

In summary, ifosfamide, an alkylating agent with anti-neoplastic properties (1.2 g/mVday fV for 5 days), is indicated in the treatment of testicular cancer. In addition, ifosfamide has been used in lung cancer, Hodgkin s and non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, breast cancer, acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, ovarian cancer, and sarcomas. 

Thiotepa, an alkylating agent with antineoplastic properties, is indicated in breast, lung, and ovarian cancer, Hodgkin s disease, lymphomas, and in bladder tumor and neoplastic effusions. 

Uracil mustard, an alkylating agent with antineoplastic activity (1 to 2 mg p.o. daily for three months), is indicated in treatment of chronic lymphocytic and myelocytic leukemia Hodgkin s disease, non-Hodgkin s lymphomas of the histiocytic and lymphocytic types reticulum cell sarcoma lymphomas mycosis fungoides polycythemia vera and ovarian, cervical, and lung cancer. 

Cyclophosphamide 1 i i i 1 Alkylating agent— attacks guanine N7— dysfunctional DNA Non-Hodgkin, ovarian, breast cancer, neuroblastoma BMS, mucositis, hemorrhagic cystitis (mesna, traps acrolein and is protective), hepatotoxicity (high dose)... 

Cisplatin i i f Alkylating agent— cross-links DNA strands Testicular, ovarian, bladder, lung cancer Nausea, vomiting (use ondansetron) nephrotoxicity (use amifostine) neurotoxicity (deafness)... 

Melphalan is a chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer. Melphalan is an alkylating agent belonging to the nitrogen mustard family. Draw a likely mechanism for the alkylation process that occurs when a nucleophile reacts with melphalan ... 

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