Cancer alkylating agents

Risk factors for the development of AML include exposure to environmental toxins, Hispanic ethnicity, and genetics.6 Of greater concern is the increased prevalence of AML as a secondary malignancy, resulting from chemotherapy and radiation treatment for other cancers. Alkylating agents, such as ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide, and topoisomerase inhibitors, such as etoposide, are linked to an increased risk of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and AML.8... [Pg.1399]

Cells which survive these damages may have undergone mutations leading themselves to cancer development. This is reason for the carcinogenicitiy of alkylating agents. [Pg.154]

Cancer, Molecular Mechanism of Therapy Antineoplastic Agents Alkylating Agents Antimetabolites... [Pg.171]

There is much evidence to suggest that carcinogenic N-nitros-amines are metabolised by an oxidative process to produce an alkylating agent (J f2) One potential metabolite is therefore the corresponding N-nitrosamide resulting from 2-electron oxidation at the oc-carbon atom, and, indeed, such compounds appear to induce tumours at the site of application without metabolic activation (3) It follows that the chemical properties of N-nitrosamides are relevant to the etiology of cancer ... [Pg.101]

Altretamine, formerly known as hexamethylmelamine, is similar in structure to alkylating agents but is known to have anticancer activity in cancer cells resistant to alkylating agents. Altretamine is well absorbed after oral administration and undergoes rapid and extensive demethylation in the liver. Peak plasma concentrations were observed 0.5 to 3 hours after administration. The terminal half-life is 4.7 to 10.2 hours. [Pg.1291]

Mitomycin C is an alkylating agent that forms cross-links with DNA to inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis. The pharmacokinetics of mitomycin C are best described by a two-compartment model, with an a half-life of 8 minutes and a terminal half-life of 48 minutes.31 Liver metabolism is the primary route of elimination. Mitomycin C has shown clinical activity in the treatment of anal, bladder, cervix, gallbladder, esophageal, and stomach cancer. Side effects consist of myelosuppression and mucositis, and it is a vesicant. [Pg.1292]

HD is a vesicant (blister agent) and alkylating agent producing cytotoxic action on the hematopoietic (blood-forming) tissues which are especially sensitive. The rate of detoxification of HD in the body is very slow, and repeated exposures produce a cumulative effect. It causes blisters, irritates the eyes, and it is toxic when inhaled. HD has been determined to be a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. [Pg.45]

Alkylating agents are also mutagenic substances that have been used in cancer chemotherapy. Alkylating agents such as nitrogen or... [Pg.238]

Among the most active alkylating agents used against cancer are nitrosoureas and aziridines. [Pg.160]

Lomustine (CCNU) -nitrosourea alkylating agent cell cycle independent -bone marrow suppression (delayed, prolonged, and cumulative) -nausea and vomiting -pulmonary fibrosis Lung Cancer... [Pg.175]

Cyclophosphamide (Cytotoxin) Alkylating agent cancer chemotherapy transplant rejection rheumatoid arthritis Decreased Ts cells, B cells, and NK cells... [Pg.547]

Melphalan (L-PAM) Alkylating agent hreast and ovarian cancer Leukopenia hone marrow suppression gran u 1 ocy to pen i a pancytopenia... [Pg.547]

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