Alkyd resins plasticising

Non-drying oil resins are soluble only in Aromatic hydrocarbons. They are used with amino resins for stoving finishes for appliances. Medium resins are used as plasticisers for cellulose nitrate. Along with natural oils several natural occurring and synthetic acid like resin (abiotic acid) pelargonic acid and isooctanoic acid are added to modify alkye resins. The alkyd resins are obtained by two processes, i.e., (1) Fatty Acid Process and (2) Alcoholysis process. 

Some polymers such as LDPE and HPDE, EVA copolymer, PU and plasticised polyvinyl chloride (PVC) distort at temperatures below 50 "C whilst others such as epoxies, PEEK, polyallylisophthalate, polydiallylphthalate, PC, alkyd resins, phenol-formaldehyde, PI, PEI, PPS, PES, PSU and silicones have remarkably high HDT in the range 150 to above 300 °C. TMA has been used to determine deflection temperatures of polymers at selected temperatures and sample loading forces, i.e., plots of temperatures versus flexure. 

Phthalic anhydride (PA, CgH403), the anhydride of phthalic acid, is widely used in the chemical industry as an important organic intermediate for the production of plasticisers ( 60%), unsaturated polyester resins (19%), and alkyd resins (14%), and also for fine chemicals ( 7%) such as dyes, insecticides, and pharmaceuticals. The values given in brackets are the mean values of Japan, USA, and Western Europe use in 1997 (Weissermel and Arpe, 2003). The current worldwide PA production is 4.5 million toimes (2005). 

In order to come to an economy that is sustainable in all respects it is of utmost importance that biobased materials are able to make an enlarged contribution to products where a long service lifetime is required. The aim of the work described in this paper is to make a contribution to biobased products requiring a long service time. In this paper research and development activities towards phthalate free, isosorbide based plasticisers, high solid alkyd resins and cobalt free drying catalysts are described. 

Part of the work on the plasticiser development was sponsored by several Dutch Ministries the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the Ministry for Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, the Ministry for Education, Culture and Science and the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries. Research and development work on the high solid alkyd resins and reactive diluents was done in a joined cooperation project between A F and SigmaKalon. 

Widespread in plants esp. in essential oils, mostly in esterified form. Obt. in 17th Century by sublimation of Styrax spp. resin. Preservative in the food industry. Used in manuf of preservatives, plasticisers, alkyd resin coatings and caprolactam. Antiseptic and expectorant. 

Sanding is carried out at this stage and, after clean-up, the final colour or top-coat is applied. There is some variation in the resin chemistry used. Alkyds crosslinked with melamine-formaldehyde are widely used for non-metallic pigmentation. Metallics are usually based on acrylics for better durability. The acrylic may be thermoset with melamine-formaldehyde or a thermoplastic lacquer (plasticised copolymer of methyl methacrylate). A thickness of about 50ftm is applied and stoved for 20 min at 130°C (lacquers receive a bake-sand-bake process for a smoother appearance). 

With these lacquers, nitrocellulose-based primer-surfacers are used. As well as liquid plasticisers, a wide range of materials are used as plasticising resins short oil alkyds, maleinised oils, ester gum, rosin and bodied castor oils. Pigmentation is usually inert. Thermoplastic acrylics are often preferred under acrylic lacquers these are based on acrylic resins and cellulose acetate butyrate. 

Research projects carried out at A F clearly indicate that effective plasticisers for PVC and other resins and binders and additives for alkyd based decorative paints can be based on those raw materials which are the least undisputed from an environmental point of view i.e. renewable resources. These products are not only renewable based but also durable. Provided a positive life cycle analysis, after further R D work plasticisers and high-solid or water borne alkyd paints based on renewables therefore can make an important contribution to a sustainable chemical industry. 

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