Alkali manufacturing

European Commission Directorate-General JRC (Joint Research Centre), Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS), Technologies for Sustainable Development, European IPPC Bureau (2000) Integrate Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Chlor-Alkali Manufacturing Industry. IPTS, Seville, 2000. 

The existing mercury cell plant in Melbourne (ICI Mark 1 cells) is 14 000 tonnes per annum capacity whereas the market demand in Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania is 30 000 tonnes per annum. Owing to the age, condition and location of this plant (adjacent to residential areas and 5 km from the centre of Melbourne), it was decided to close this site and construct a new Greenfield plant in Laverton North, approximately 10 km away. The new plant includes chlor-alkali manufacture, sodium hypochlorite, hydrochloric acid, liquid chlorine storage and packing and chlor-paraffin manufacture. 

Uses. Strong alkali manufacture of soft and liquid soaps manufacture of potassium carbonate for use in manufacmre of glass... 

Sulfuric acid was an essential chemical for dyers, bleachers, and alkali manufacturers. Its production on a large scale required the development of lead-lined chambers that could resist the vapors which were formed when sulfur was burned with nitrates... 

The Chlorine Institute developed and released Pamphlet 86, Recommendations to Chlor-Alkali Manufacturing Facilities for the Prevention of Chlorine Releases, [16] in October 1990. This 15-page pamphlet acknowledges the ORC report Recommendations for Process Hazards Management of Substances with Catastrophic Potential was one of the primary documents used to develop it. 

For full details of alkali manufacturing processes, see Lunge s Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid and Alkali, 3rd ed. (Gumey and Jaokson, 1911), vols. ii. and iii. 

II). Inorganic compounds other than metallic oxides, hydrates, oxyacids, and salts (including alkali manufacture and cyanogen compounds)... 

Use Building stone, metallurgy (flux), manufacture of lime, source of carbon dioxide, agriculture, road ballast, cement (Portland and natural), alkali manufacture, removal of sulfur dioxide from stack gases and sulfur from coal. 

Sulfuric Acid. This was required in increasing quantities for many developing industries (e.g. textile treatment, fertilizers, and alkali manufacture) and as Liebig pronounced in 1843, that it was no exaggeration to say that we may judge fairly the commercial prosperity of a country from the amount of sulfuric acid it consumes. 

Chlor alkali manufacturers Fertilizer manufacturer, strip mine... 

The principle of the chlor-alkali membrane cell has been known for a considerable time, and patents for this approach to chlor-alkali manufacture were granted in the early 1960s. Membrane cells combine the purity of mercury cell caustic with the power efficiency of diaphragm cells, while... 

Many processes in many different industries use salt in quantities much smaller than those used in chlor-alkali manufacture. Proprietary systems are available for dissolving salt in these applications and for producing brine for prewetting highway salt, but they are not considered here. 

Recommendations to Chlor-Alkali Manufacturing Facilities for the Prevention of Chlorine Releases 4 2001... 

Nearly all evaporator salt is redissolved for use in chlor-alkali manufacture. Its designation as CP or chemically pure salt reflects its high quality. Hardness elements are largely absent, having been removed in the brine treatment process. The sulfate content may be reduced by treatment described below. On the other hand, chlorate formed in the cells and small amounts of corrosion products will have appeared. 

---