Alcohols structural and physical properties

This chapter is concerned with the assembly of supramolecular motifs based on H-bonding interactions between alcohols and amines. We shall name these supra-minols (see Section 1.3). Some useful insights about the effect of the structural and physical properties (as for example the chirality) of the component molecules on the structure and properties of the supramolecular product will be made whenever possible, even if it is widely accepted that predictions of crystal structures from knowledge of chemical composition of the components are far from being generalized [21]. 

The word alcohol immediately brings to mind ethanol, the intoxicating compound in wine and beer. But ethanol is just one member of a family of organic compounds called alcohols that abound in nature. Naturally occurring alcohols include 2-phenylethanol, the compound responsible for the intoxicating smell of a rose cholesterol, a tasty alcohol with which many of us have developed a love-hate relationship sucrose, a sugar we use to satisfy our sweet tooth and many others. In this chapter, we will discuss the structural and physical properties as well as the main chemical reactions of alcohols and their structural relatives, phenols and thiols. 

The compounds that are S5mthesized by the reactions we will study in Chapters 4—13 are primarily alkanes, alkyl hahdes, ethers, alcohols, and amines. Later in this chapter, we will be looking at the structures and physical properties of these five families of compounds. As we learn about the structures, physical properties, and reactions of organic compounds and the products the reactions form, we will need to be able to refer to the compounds by name. Therefore, we will begin the study of organic chemistry by learning how to name these five families of compounds. 

Ali, S. S., Tang, X., Alavi, S., and Faubion, J. Structure and physical properties of starch/poly-vinyl alcohol/sodium montmorillonitenanocomposite films. J. Agric. Food. Cliem., 59, 12384-... 

After explaining how to name aldehydes and ketones, we look at their structures and physical properties. Like alcohols, the carbonyl group possesses an oxygen atom with two lone pairs, a structural feature that enables it to function as a weak Lewis base. Moreover, the carbon-oxygen double bond is also highly polarized, making the carbonyl carbon quite electrophilic. In the remainder of this chapter, we show how these properties shape the chemistry of this versatile functional group. 

Awad TS, Johnson ES, Bureiko A, Olsson U (2011) Colloidal structure and physical properties of gel networks containing anionic surfactant and fatty alcohol mixture. J Dispersion Sd Technol 32 807-815... 

The viscosity of the interior of micelles and the effects of surfactants on the structure and physical properties of the micelle can be determined by fluorescence polarization. Shinitzky et al. [9] studied the effects of introducing uncharged hydrophilic groups into the surface of a micelle on the fluidity of the micelle interior. Cetyl alcohol (CA) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were mixed in different ratios, and the microviscosity of the interior of the micelle was determined by measuring the polarization value of perylene embedded in... 

Correlation equations relating surfactant chemical structure to performance characteristics and physical properties have been established. One atmosphere foaming properties of alcohol ethoxyl-ates and alcohol ethoxylate derivatives have been related to surfactant hydrophobe carbon chain length, ethylene oxide content, aqueous phase salinity, and temperature. Similar correlations have been established for critical micelle concentration, surfactant cloud point, and surfactant adsorption. 

This comprehensive reference book examines the physical and chemical properties, uses, and toxicity of organic solvents in the chemical and related process industries. It will afford the chemist, chemical engineer, researchers, and other workers in the chemical and allied industries the opportunity to review all the important chemical and physical properties of industrial solvents. The current environmental impact of recommended safe handling procedures and chemical reactivity solvents are also presented. The solvents are classified according to their chemical structure and include aldehydes, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, ketones, nitroparaffins, and monohydric and polyhydric alcohols. Also covered are acids, aliphatic and heterocyclic amines, esters, glycol ethers, and several miscellaneous solvents. 

In this Chspter, we discuss the structure, nomenclature, physical properties, and chemical properties of ethers and compare their physical properties with those of isomeric alcohols. Then we study the preparation and chemical properties of a group of cyclic efhers called epoxides. As we shall see, fheir most important reactions involve nudeophilic substitution. This chapter continues the discussion of S l and Sj 2 reaction mechanisms begun in Chapter 9 and continued into Chapter 10. 

In the presence of amphiphilic bilayers, such as phospholipid vesicles or biological membranes, water-soluble amphiphiles partition between the bilayer and the aqueous media. Many studies have been devoted to the partitioning of alcohols between bilayers and water as well as to the enthalpy associated with the introduction of alcohols into bilayers, the effects of the alcohols on the physical properties of the bilayers, and the dependence of all these factors on the structure and properties of both the bilayers and the alcohols. 

Having different structures means these are different compounds, and they have different chemical and physical properties. For example, each of these compounds has a different boiling point, as shown. Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol) and dimethyl ether are isomers because they both have the molecular formula C H O. However, their structures are very different, and therefore their properties are very different ... 

Bonilla J, Fortunati E, Atares L, Chlralt A, Kemy JM (2014). Physical, structural and antimicrobial properties of poly vinyl alcohol-chitosan biodegradable films. Food Hydrocolloid, 35,463-470. 

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